Arkansas - Agricultural Communication Services - University of ...

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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2001 Table 1. Ingredient composition of basal diets (as fed basis). Ingredient % Corn 55.42 Cottonseed hulls 30.00 Soybean meal 11.20 Cane molasses 2.00 Dicalcium phosphate 0.4 Limestone 0.85 Salt 0.15 Bovatec 1 + Cobalt carbonate 2 - / + Vitamin premix 3 + Trace mineral premix 4 + 1 Added to provide 15.2 mg lasalocid/lb of diet DM 2 Added to provide 0 or 0.1 ppm Co of diet DM 3 Premix supplied per lb of diet: 224.5 IU of vitamin A, 74.8 IU of vitamin D 3 , and 0.075 IU vitamin E. 4 Premix supplied: 20 ppm of Zn as ZnO, 10 ppm of Mn as MnO, and 0.10 ppm of Se as Na 2 SeO 3 Table 2. Effect of supplemental cobalt on growth performance, plasma vitamin B 12 concentration, morbidity, and medicine cost. Item Control Cobalt SE P= Average daily gain, lb Day 1 to 7 0.68 0.49 0.295 NS Day 8 to 14 3.11 4.12 0.337 0.07 Day 15 to 28 2.23 1.96 0.214 0.09 Day 29 to 42 2.93 2.45 0.207 NS Day 1 to 42 2.36 2.25 0.132 NS Daily feed intake, lb Day 1 to 7 7.91 8.20 0.220 NS Day 8 to 14 12.65 13.43 0.441 NS Day 15 to 28 13.67 13.93 0.419 NS Day 29 to 42 17.13 16.07 0.794 0.07 Day 1 to 42 13.69 13.60 0.441 NS Feed/Gain Day 1 to 7 11.63 16.73 2.651 NS Day 8 to 14 4.07 3.26 0.513 0.06 Day 15 to 28 6.13 7.11 0.495 0.07 Day 29 to 42 5.85 6.56 0.421 NS Day 1 to 42 5.80 6.04 0.157 NS Plasma vitamin B 12 , pg/mL, d 42 137.59 250.92 59.96 NS Morbidity, % 76.00 65.00 7.6 NS Medicine cost, $/heifer 12.57 12.37 1.8 NS 68
The Effect of Tasco TM Inclusion in the Prepartum Diet and Time of Sampling on the Proportions of Bovine Leukocyte Populations in Blood and Mammary Gland Secretions T. J. Wistuba, 1 E. B. Kegley, 1 T. K. Bersi, 2 D. W. Kellogg, 1 and G. F. Erf 2 Story in Brief The effects of Tasco TM inclusion in the diet during the last 21 d of gestation on the proportion of bovine leukocyte populations in blood and mammary gland secretions (MGS) was investigated using flow cytometric analysis. Thirty Holstein cows were stratified by parity and randomly assigned to the Tasco TM (170 g/d) supplemented group or control diet. Tasco TM is a product derived from Ascophyllum nodosum, a brown seaweed that grows along the coast of Nova Scotia. Treatments were initiated 21 d prior to expected parturition and fed until calving. Blood samples and MGS from cows and blood samples from calves were obtained at parturition and at d 1 post partum. Proportions of bovine leukocyte populations in cows were affected by dietary treatment, but not time of sampling. In cows, supplementation of Tasco TM increased the proportion of B lymphocytes (P = 0.05) in the blood. However, Tasco TM supplementation decreased the proportion of T-helper lymphocytes (P = 0.04) and tended to decrease the proportion of gd T lymphocytes (P = 0.13). The percentage of B lymphocytes tended to increase (P = 0.13) from parturition to d 1 in the MGS. Proportions of granulocytes, macrophages/monocytes and B lymphocytes in the blood of calves increased from parturition to d 1 (P < 0.04). Dietary supplementation with Tasco TM and time of sampling altered proportions of bovine leukocyte populations. The impact of Tasco TM supplementation on cow and calf health requires further investigation. Introduction Trace mineral or vitamin supplementation has been shown to improve immune response and growth performance when animals are consuming deficient or marginal levels of trace minerals or vitamins. Tasco (Acadian Seaplants Ltd.; Dartmouth, Canada) is a product derived from Ascophyllum rodosum, a brown seaweed, that grows along the coast of Nova Scotia. The commercial product that has been developed contains high levels of trace minerals and vitamins. Initial work using Tasco TM at Virginia Tech, Mississippi State University, and Texas Tech has shown improvements in immune cell function and hair coat scores of calves grazing fescue but no significant improvements in growth performance (Allen et al., 2001; Fike et al., 2001; and Saker et al., 2001). It has been well documented (Quigley and Drewry, 1998 and Wittum and Perino, 1995) that the passive transfer of immunoglobulins in colostrum is the most important source of immunologic protection available to neonatal calves. Inadequate intake and absorption of maternal antibody has been associated with increased risk of disease and death in neonatal calves (Wittum and Perino, 1995) The concentration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in colostrum is important in determining the degree of passive immune transfer, being linearly related to the maternal IgG concentration in calves. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of Tasco inclusion in the prepartum diet on the proportion of bovine leukocyte populations and IgG concentrations in blood and mammary gland secretions. Materials and Methods Thirty Holstein cows were stratified by parity and randomly assigned to the Tasco TM (170 g/d) supplemented group or control diet. Treatments were initiated 21 d prior to expected parturition and fed until calving. Tasco TM supplemented cows were on the diet a minimum of 8 and a maximum of 42 d with a mean of 22 d. All cows were offered 21 lb of sorghum silage, ad lib hay, and 5 lb of a commercially prepared dry cow grain supplement. Blood samples from cows and calves, as well as mammary gland secretion (MGS) samples were obtained at parturition and at d 1 post partum. After calving, the cow and calf were separated before the calf nursed. Approximately two liters of bulk colostrum were collected and fed to the calf immediately after the calf was sampled. One-half liter of bulk colostrum was obtained at parturition and one day later, and centrifuged at 1000 X g at room temperature for 10 min. The supernate was removed and the pelleted cells were washed twice in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). At parturition and one day later, peripheral blood was collected from cows and calves into vacutainer tubes containing acid citrate dextrose as an anticoagulant. Mononuclear cells were isolated by lysis of red blood cells with Tris-buffered ammonium chloride and washed twice in PBS. Samples of washed milk cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (1 X 10 6 /sample) were immunofluorescently labeled with a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine leukocyte cell surface molecules using an 1 Department of Animal Science, Fayetteville 2 Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville 69
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Arkansas Animal Science Department
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spine copy ARKANSAS ANIMAL SCIENCE
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INTRODUCTION The faculty and staff
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COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation T
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The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizati
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Demographics and Academic Success o
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Page 22 and 23: Efficacy of Mannan Oligosaccharide
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Page 26 and 27: Effects of Dietary Magnesium and Ha
Page 36 and 37: Effect of Feather Meal on Live Anim
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Page 118 and 119: Influence of Moisture Concentration
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Impact of Spontaneous Heating Durin
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Effects of Tall Fescue Inoculated w
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Yield and Nutritive Value of Easter
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2000 Dairy Herd Improvement Herds i
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The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobia
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The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobia
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The Use of Hurdle Technology to Red
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Consumer Acceptability of Forage Fe
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