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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2001 AAES Research Series 488 Table 2. Effects of valine supplementation on performance traits. Valine treatments a Item NC PC 3FM 6FM SE Starter phase ADG 1.19 c 1.41 d 1.23 c 1.23 c .044 ADFI 3.06 3.23 3.21 3.17 .099 F/G 2.61 c 2.30 d 2.6 c 2.61 c .095 Grower I phase ADG 1.98 2.02 2.00 1.98 .070 ADFI 5.35 5.37 5.57 5.43 .086 F/G 2.71 2.66 2.8 2.79 .120 Grower II phase ADG 2.27 2.13 2.27 2.35 .121 ADFI 7.24 6.60 7.28 7.41 .273 F/G 3.21 3.12 3.24 3.17 .072 Finisher phase ADG 2.16 2.16 1.93 2.07 .123 ADFI 7.90 7.94 7.72 7.96 .354 F/G 3.72 3.73 4.03 3.86 .205 Overall trial ADG 1.87 1.94 1.89 1.87 .040 ADFI 5.65 5.59 5.76 5.68 .092 F/G 3.01 2.89 3.05 3.03 .063 Weights, lb Initial 55.77 55.77 55.79 55.75 .026 Starter 80.89 b 85.95 c 82.61 b 82.17 b 1.09 Grower I 156.60 d 163.28 e 159.24 de 158.84 de 1.676 Grower II 204.80 209.73 208.30 207.00 2.875 Finisher 237.86 242.66 239.43 237.29 3.071 a Valine treatments are valine deficient – negative control (NC); NRC requirement – positive control (PC); 3% hydrolyzed feather meal plus blood (3FM); and 6% feather meal (6FM). bc Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P < 0.05). de Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P < 0.10). Table 3. Effects of valine supplementation in carcass cutability traits. Valine treatments a Item NC PC 3FM 6FM SE Hot carcass wt, lb 172.47 176.53 175.48 172.31 3.059 Backfat thickness, in First rib 1.55 1.52 1.50 1.57 .054 Last rib 1.03 1.07 1.03 .98 .045 Last lumbar vertebra 1.00 .93 .92 .95 .051 Average 1.19 1.17 1.20 1.17 .043 10 th rib fat depth, in .92 .90 .90 .89 .043 LM depth, in 1.96 1.97 2.01 1.96 .049 LM area, in 2 5.93 5.95 5.83 5.94 .166 Carcass muscle b , % 49.95 50.05 50.48 50.36 .539 Ham wt, lb 20.56 21.09 20.51 20.13 .305 Ham lean wt, lb 12.82 14.18 13.21 12.98 .475 Ham lean b , % 63.26 67.46 64.45 64.53 1.902 a Valine treatments are valine deficient – negative control (NC); NRC requirement – positive control (PC); 3% hydrolyzed feather meal plus blood (3FM); and 6% feather meal (6FM). b Formulas for percent carcass muscle and ham lean are the confidential property of Excel Corp., Marshall, MO. 36
AAES Research Series 488 Table 4. Effects of valine supplementation in carcass quality traits. Valine treatments a Item NC PC 3FM 6FM SE Drip loss, % 3.92 3.08 3.94 3.75 .066 Japanese color score b 3.10 3.08 3.17 2.99 .063 American color score c 3.40 3.45 3.37 3.26 .070 PH 5.62 5.74 5.69 5.62 .036 Marbling score d 2.09 2.03 2.03 1.86 .107 Firmness score e 3.66 3.68 3.71 3.56 .087 Hunter L* f 52.42 51.61 51.64 52.88 .470 Hunter a* f 7.12 i 6.06 j 6.71 k 6.63 k .123 Hunter b* f 14.74 i 13.83 j 14.37 i 14.50 i .179 Chroma g 16.39 i 15.14 j 15.87 i 15.96 i .188 Hue Angle h 64.27 i 66.43 j 65.03 ij 65.49 jk .388 a Valine treatments are valine deficient – negative control (NC); NRC requirement – positive control (PC); 3% hydrolyzed feather meal plus blood (3FM); and 6% feather meal (6FM). b 1=pale gray and 6=dark purple (Nakai et al., 1975). c 1=pale pinkish gray and 6=dark purplish red. d 1=practically devoid (1% intramuscular fat) and 10=abundant (10% intramuscular fat). e 1=very soft (weepy) and 5=very firm (dry). f L*=measure of lightness to darkness (larger number indicates a lighter color); a*= measure of redness (larger number indicates a more intense red color); b*= measure of yellowness (larger number indicates a more yellow color). g Chroma is a measure of total color (larger number indicates a more vivid color). h Hue Angle represents a change from red to yellow color (larger number indicates a “lighter” red). ijk Within a row, means lacking a common superscript letter differ (P < 0.05). 37
Page 1 and 2: Arkansas Animal Science Department
Page 3: spine copy ARKANSAS ANIMAL SCIENCE
Page 6 and 7: INTRODUCTION The faculty and staff
Page 8 and 9: COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation T
Page 10 and 11: The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizati
Page 14 and 15: Demographics and Academic Success o
Page 22 and 23: Efficacy of Mannan Oligosaccharide
Page 26 and 27: Effects of Dietary Magnesium and Ha
Page 36 and 37: Effect of Feather Meal on Live Anim
Page 42 and 43: Maternal Effects for Performance Te
Page 60 and 61: Supplementation of Beef Cows and He
Page 70 and 71: Influence of Supplementing Cobalt i
Page 80 and 81: Long-Term Immune Response of Beef H
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Arkansas Animal Science Department
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Small Grain Forage for Stocker Catt
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Economics of Production Systems Inv
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Influence of Moisture Concentration
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Impact of Spontaneous Heating Durin
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Effects of Tall Fescue Inoculated w
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Yield and Nutritive Value of Easter
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2000 Dairy Herd Improvement Herds i
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The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobia
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The Impact of Multiple Antimicrobia
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The Use of Hurdle Technology to Red
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Consumer Acceptability of Forage Fe
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