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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report 2001 Table 1. Growth characteristics and DM yield of eastern gamagrass harvested weekly between May 15 and July 17, 2000. Date Height Tillers Stem Leaf Yield lb in no/ft 2 % % DM/acre 1 36.7 f 7.5 e 23.7 a 83.2 a 1111 f 2 46.3 e 8.2 e 22.4 d 75.5 ab 1560 ef 3 55.7 e 10.2 e 15.0 c 74.7 abc 1977 e 4 68.2 c 17.0 d 23.8 a 71.0 bc 3412 d 5 71.5 c 25.1 c 23.4 a 69.4 bc 4312 c 6 75.9 b 30.2 c 20.4 ab 65.2 cd 4572 c 7 77.0 b 32.5 b 16.4 c 71.8 bc 5055 c 8 79.7 b 35.0 b 16.8 bc 59.9 d 7233 b 9 86.1 a 42.4 c 16.8 bc 69.4 bc 8580 a 10 88.6 a 43.9 c 15.9 c 82.2 a 8944 a SEM 1.4 1.9 2.0 3.5 277 a, b, c, d, e, f Means in a column without common superscripts differ (P < 0.05). Table 2. Chemical composition (DM basis) of whole plant forages harvested at ten dates. NDF 1 ADF 2 CP Harvest Whole Leaves Whole Leaves Whole Leaves plant plant plant ---------------------------------------- % of DM --------------------------------------- 1 66.2 b 67.1 b 32.3 b 32.0 c 14.4 a 16.9 b 2 67.8 66.9 35.1 33.8 13.1 15.2 3 70.2 69.9 36.7 35.0 12.6 14.0 4 74.4 74.5 38.9 37.6 9.8 11.6 5 73.9 76.3 38.6 38.3 11.1 11.1 6 76.6 75.9 40.3 39.9 10.1 10.0 7 74.2 74.1 39.4 38.9 9.4 9.9 8 79.4 75.9 44.5 40.4 7.1 10.7 9 79.0 78.5 42.2 41.6 6.5 7.9 10 76.2 78.1 43.0 43.7 6.3 7.9 SEM 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.5 1 NDF = neutral detergent fiber ADF = acid detergent fiber a Linear effect (P < 0.01) with maturity. b Quadratic effect (P < 0.01) with maturity. c Cubic effect (P < 0.01) with maturity. 140
Climatic Adaptation and Reseeding Potential of Alternative Annual Legumes in Southwest Arkansas K. A. Cassida and C. B. Stewart 1 Story in Brief Climatic adaptation and reseeding ability of subterranean, persian, rose and balansa clovers, and burr, button, and black medics were evaluated at the Southwestern Research and Extension Center in Hope, Arkansas. Legumes were drilled into clean seedbeds on a Sacul fine sandy loam soil during October 1999, harvested once in spring 2000 when they reached full bloom, and then allowed to regrow and reseed themselves. Reseeded stands were harvested in April 2001. Subterranean clovers were low-yielding but the best reseeders. Rose clover, balansa clover, and button medic had the highest yields in the planted year. Subclovers, balansa clover, persian clover, burr medics and button medics produced good seedling stands in the reseeding year. Persian clover suffered some winter kill in the reseeding year, and yields of medics were reduced by weevil infestation. Balansa, persian, rose, and subterranean clovers and burr and button medics have sufficient climatic adaptation and reseeding ability to warrant further testing for pasture or hay production in southern Arkansas. Introduction Legumes are nearly universally desired in mixed species forage stands, where a primary benefit is nitrogen fixation. However, they are difficult to maintain in pastures and hayfields in southern Arkansas. Humidity, high night temperatures during summer, and disease and insect pressures combine to cause very poor persistence of perennial legume species such as alfalfa, white clover, and red clover that are the mainstays in more temperate parts of the US. Producers who use legumes in southern Arkansas rely heavily on annual legumes such as crimson and arrowleaf clovers. However, planting these legumes every year represents an additional cost of production that might be avoided if a legume that will reliably reseed itself could be identified. The key factors for assessing suitability of annual legumes in a complete forage system are: 1) enough cold tolerance to survive southern Arkansas winters, 2) tolerance of waterlogged soil conditions in winter, and 3) ability to regrow and set seed after moderate defoliation such as might occur with managed grazing or a spring hay cutting. Therefore, a screening trial was conducted to evaluate local climate adaptation and reseeding potential of clovers and medics that have not been widely used in Arkansas. Experimental Procedures Plots were established on a clean-tilled Sacul fine sandy loam soil at the Southwestern Research and Extension Center in Hope, Arkansas. Soil pH was 6.7, and the site was fertilized with 30 lb/acre of N, P, and K prior to planting in 1999 and again in October 2000. Legumes were inoculated with the appropriate rhizobia and drilled on October 27, 1999. Legumes were selected for the trial based upon success in environments similar to southwestern Arkansas. Legume species, cultivars, and planting rates used were: subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L., >Denmark=, >Goulburn=, 20 lb PLS/acre), balansa clover (T. balansae Boiss., >Paradana=, 10 lb/acre), persian clover (T. resupinatum L., >Nitro=, 5 lb/acre), rose clover (T. hirtum All., >Overton R18', 20 lb/acre), burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L., >Armadillo=, >BECOM=, 15 lb/acre), button medic (M. orbicularis All., wild collection,15 lb/acre), and black medic (M. lupulina L., >George=, >BEBLK=, 15 lb/acre). Button medic was scarified prior to planting. Plots were sprayed with Poast Plus (sethoxydim, 1.5 pint/acre) in February 2000 and 2001 to control annual ryegrass. Plots were visually scored for percent ground cover at intervals after planting, after harvest, and after emergence of seedlings in the reseeding year. Weed presence, winter kill, diseases, and insect damage were monitored. Plots were harvested using a sickle bar harvester at a stubble height of 3 inches. Plots were harvested as close as possible to full bloom stage. In 2000, balansa clover, persian clover, both burr medics, and BEBLK black medic were clipped on March 20 and the remaining legumes were clipped on May 25. Subsamples were hand-sorted into legume and broadleaf weeds, and legume yield determined. Plots were then allowed to regrow and set seed. Seedling emergence date was noted and development was monitored as visual estimates of percent ground cover of live clover plants through the following growing season. In 2001 all reseeded legume plots except rose clover were harvested on April 18; rose clover was har- 1 Southwest Research and Extension Center, Hope. 141
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Arkansas Animal Science Department
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spine copy ARKANSAS ANIMAL SCIENCE
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INTRODUCTION The faculty and staff
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COMMON ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation T
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The Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizati
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Demographics and Academic Success o
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Efficacy of Mannan Oligosaccharide
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Effects of Dietary Magnesium and Ha
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Effect of Feather Meal on Live Anim
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Maternal Effects for Performance Te
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Supplementation of Beef Cows and He
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Influence of Supplementing Cobalt i
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Long-Term Immune Response of Beef H
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Small Grain Forage for Stocker Catt
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