2007 Benchmarking Report - Alliance for Biking & Walking

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Bicycling & Walking in the U.S./ Thunderhead Alliance 2007 94 IMPACTS OF CYCLING & WALKING ON PUBLIC HEALTH Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data on levels of biking and walking to school (McDonald, Noreen, 2007) over a similar time period. The data demonstrate a parallel trend among school children in this time period. Levels of biking and walking to school declined sharply while childhood obesity levels sharply increased. During the period between 1966 and 2001, the number of children who biked or walked to school fell 68%, while the percentage of obese children rose 367%. Comparing Obesity Levels to Cycling and Walking Thunderhead used ACS data on biking and walking to work, and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data on obesity levels across states to compare current levels of obesity with cycling and walking. The data indicate that states with the highest levels of biking and walking to work have lower levels of obesity on average. Maps on this page illustrate this trend. States that are shaded lightest for the lowest rates of biking and walking are often shaded darkest for the highest rates of obesity. States in the Southern U.S. rank lowest overall for rates of cycling and walking while at the same time ranking highest for obesity levels. Other Health Indicators This report also compared rates of biking and walking to work to other health indicators including levels for physical activity, rates of high blood pressure, and diabetes. Data suggest a strong positive correlation between rates of cycling and walking and levels of physical activity. States with the highest levels of cycling and walking have a greater percentage of the population meeting the recommended 30- plus minutes a day of physical activity. A negative correlation exists between rates of cycling and walking and high blood pressure and diabetes. States with higher levels of biking and walking have lower levels of both diabetes and high blood pressure on average. Levels of Biking Trips and to Work Walking to Work Source: ACS 2005 Obesity Rates Levels states Rates of obesity 15% - 19% 20% - 24% 25% - 29% Source: BRFSS over 30% Source: BRFSS (2005) Source: ACS (2005) % trips to work by bike or foot 1.29 - 2.32 2.33 - 3.56 3.57 - 5.03 5.04 - 7.46
percent of trips to work by bicycle or foot Comparing Bicycling & Walking to Obesity Levels 8% in 50 States 7% 6% 5% 4% 3% 2% 1% 0% Alabama Mississippi Tennessee Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Source: BRFSS (2005), ACS (2005) r = -0.42 Texas Arkansas Kentucky Virginia STATES WHERE BICYCLING AND WALKING LEVELS ARE lowest have the highest levels of obesity. Data are limited to biking and walking trips to work, but give an idea of the comparative rates of biking and walking in each state. Missouri Oklahoma Louisianna Florida Michigan Delaware Ohio Maryland Connecticut Indiana West Virginia Nevada Utah Rhode Island Kansas Arizona New Hampshire states Illinois precent of residents who are obese percent of trips to work by bicycle or foot New Mexico Nebraska California Minnesota New Jersey Washington Wisconsin Iowa Colorado Pennsylvania Maine Hawaii Massachusetts Idaho South Dakota North Dakota Oregon Wyoming Vermont New York Montana Alaska 31% 29 % 27 % 25 % 23 % 21 % 19 % 17 % percent of residents who are obese States with higher levels of biking and walking have lower levels of obesity. IMPACTS OF CYCLING & WALKING ON PUBLIC HEALTH 95 Bicycling & Walking in the U.S./ Thunderhead Alliance 2007
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Bicycling and Walking in the U.S. B
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Bicycling and Walking in the U.S. T
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Acknowledgements This report has de
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Contents PHOTO COURTESY OF SEAN DRE
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Executive Summary Government offici
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to bicycle and pedestrian programs.
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1: Introduction Benchmarking Bicycl
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Denver, CO receives Bicycle-Friendl
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all and included recommendations fo
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2: Data Collection The Benchmarking
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3: Current Status of Bicycling How
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PHOTO COURTESY OF AMY KELLOGG Bicyc
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% work trips by bike Percent of Tri
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State % of work trips Trips to work
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City Trips to work by bike % of wor
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PHOTO COURTESY OF TRANSPORTATION AL
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Number of People per Bike Shop in M
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anks lowest here with only 4.0% wal
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7% Pedestrian Percent of Trips to W
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100% Distribution of those who walk
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State % of trips by foot Trips to w
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City % of Trips by Foot Trips to Wo
Page 45 and 46: Pedestrian Mode Share & Safety in C
Page 47 and 48: includes funding for biking and wal
Page 49 and 50: Other Source: FHWA (2001-2006) Fede
Page 51 and 52: Funding for Bicycling & Walking Pro
Page 53 and 54: Distribution of Transportation Enha
Page 55 and 56: Percent of TE Funds to Bicycle & Pe
Page 57 and 58: Education Projects by State Ratio o
Page 59 and 60: Bicycle & Pedestrian Staff Levels i
Page 61 and 62: Members of LAPD Bicycle Police Team
Page 63 and 64: Excerpts from Model Policies: Chica
Page 65 and 66: State % of transportation $ to bike
Page 67 and 68: City Per capita spending on bicycle
Page 69 and 70: miles per square mile of city 18 16
Page 71 and 72: Minneapolis Top for Bike Parking Mi
Page 73 and 74: Transit Integration with Bicycling
Page 75 and 76: Thunderhead Alliance Bicycle & Pede
Page 77 and 78: Budgets of Thunderhead Organization
Page 79 and 80: evenue in dollars $2,500,000 $2,000
Page 81 and 82: State Total populationserved by org
Page 83 and 84: City Population served larger than
Page 85 and 86: City-Based Advocacy Organizations M
Page 87 and 88: average temperature (degrees farhen
Page 89 and 90: Demographic Influences Income Incom
Page 91 and 92: miles of bicycle facilities per squ
Page 93 and 94: percent of trips to work by foot %
Page 95: 8: Impacts of Bicycling and 40% 35%
Page 99 and 100: 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% Alaska Montana
Page 101 and 102: 9: Conclusions Safety in Numbers Da
Page 103 and 104: Levels, Safety, and Funding 25% per
Page 105 and 106: 10: Recommendations How You Can Use
Page 107 and 108: surveys. The team will expand outre
Page 109 and 110: State Thunderhead Organization AK N
Page 111 and 112: Nebraska Bikeable Communities: Omah
Page 113 and 114: City Census 2000 % bike to work Cen
Page 115 and 116: States Bike fatalities WISQARS Bike
Page 117 and 118: Bibliography: Chapter 1 - Introduct
Page 120: $24.95 Made possible in part by: MA
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2007 Benchmarking Report - Alliance for Biking & Walking

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