Biological Invasions of Cold-Water Coastal Ecosystems - Aquatic ...

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Chapt 9C3. Polychaete Worms, page 9C3- 16 Pectinaria granulata Johnson 1901 PWS NIS 1998: Sta 11(5 specimens); Sta 16(3); Sta 17(1); Sta 36(22). Correct identification. Laonome cf. kroyeri (Malmgren, 1866) PWS NIS 1998: Sta 17(14 specimens). Avicular uncini with short bases; companion setae absent. Both capillary and spatulate setae present. Radioles lacking external stylodes; collar bilobed. Need to reconfirm identity. Schizobranchia insignis Bush 1904 PWS NIS 1998: Sta 19(4 specimen); Sta 23(2) + Sta 23(>20). Identification correct. Smallest specimen placed into shell vial (Sta. 23) is perhaps a juvenile, with all the setal features consistent. Note that large vial (Sta. 23) mislabeled as Terebellidae (instead of Sabellidae). Amphitrite cirrata Müller, 1771 PWS NIS 1998: Sta 19(2 specimens); Sta 23(3); Sta 24(2); Sta35(1); Sta 36(1). This is another “cosmopolitan” species…at least in the northern hemisphere. A taxonomic black hole similar to Phole minuta and Eteone longa!! Specimen (Sta. 35) is juvenile terebellid, probably Amphitrite cirrata; it is not Ampharetidae)! Polycirrus species III Hobson & Banse, 1981 PWS NIS 1998: Sta 36(1 specimen). This keys out as per Hobson & Banse (1981). However, as a general comment, the key is extremely poor and relies on imprecise terminology that overlaps features used to describe notosetae! In any case, it would seem appropriate to attach names instead of roman numerals. Ampharete species A PWS NIS 1998: Sta 41(1 specimen). The generic identification is correct. Single specimen lacks a tail, and cannot be identified to species. It is not Ampharete labrops, which has eyespots on upper buccal lip; present specimen lacks eyespots in corresponding region. Crucigera zygophora (Johnson, 1901) PWS NIS 1998: Sta 19(6 specimens); Sta 23(>20); Sta 24(1). Identification correct. Present specimens are textbook examples. Serpula vermicularis Linnaeus, 1767 PWS NIS 1998: Sta 23(3 specimens). Identification correct. Tentacles solid red or banded red and white, at least in preservative. Spirorbis species PWS NIS 1998: Sta 17(>50 specimens). Dextrally spiraled tubes, 3 thoracic setigers. Species identifications pending examination of remaining materials.
Chapt 9C4. Peracaridan Crustaceans, page 9C4- 1 Chapter 9C4. Focal Taxonomic Collections: Peracaridan Crustaceans John W. Chapman, Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University Summary No clear peracaridan NIS were discovered among the scores of species collected in three surveys of 72 sites in 21 general areas of Prince William Sound and south central Alaska between 1997 and 1999. No NIS were found in UAF samples from the area collected previously. Two peracaridan species previously considered to be introduced are likely to be misidentified. Five species of NIS gammaridean amphipods were found in ballast water of tankers travelling to Prince William Sound, indicating that this is an active mechanism of NIS transport to Alaska, even though they do not appear to have invaded or become established there. Invasions of Alaskan estuaries and marine waters by a broad diversity of peracaridan species have not occurred. The diversities of peracaridan NIS invasions in the northern hemisphere vary with climate, as do invasions by other taxa noted previously. Most marine and estuarine peracaridan NIS thus appear to be incapable of invading Alaska from lower latitudes due to the extreme climate. The risk of invasions by high diversities of NIS of pericaridans thus appears to be extremely low. These findings do not indicate whether a few NIS could be present at ecologically catastrophic abundances, however. Eight peracaridans that are prominent members of either fouling or benthic communities sampled in the survey, have unclear origins or cannot yet be clearly distinguished from species that are nonindigenous to the northeast Pacific. They are therefore classified as cryptogenic. These cryptogenic peracaridan species occur in the same areas as the soft shell clam, Mya arenaria Linnaeus, 1758, which is one of the most clearly documented NIS in south central Alaska. If proven to be NIS, these cryptogenic peracaridan species, would be evidence that even a few NIS capable of invading Alaskan estuaries can increase to ecologically catastrophic densities. They would indicate that surveys of peracaridan NIS diversity, such as this one, are an insufficient basis for estimates of risk. Whether these peracaridan crustaceans are, in fact, native to the region therefore should be tested by analyses of morphological variation, molecular genetics and by crossbreeding viability tests with their presumed original populations. Introduction A major objective of the south central Alaskan NIS survey was to determine whether introductions of marine or estuarine species have already occurred. An ultimate objective of the overall risk analysis is to predict whether Alaskan waters are vulnerable to NIS invasions. The survey results and comparisons of climate effects on peracaridan NIS diversity over the northern hemisphere provide a basis for this prediction. Predicting which nonindigenous species (NIS) can be introduced, where, and the factors that control their survival are major objectives of invasion ecology. These predictions require knowledge of the interactions between dispersal and processes that determine NIS survival. The
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page i BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS OF COLD
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page iii • Stephan Benda, Valdez
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page xiii 9C9. Echinoderms 9C9-1 9C
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Chapt 9B. NIS Surveys: Rapid Commun
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Chapt 9C6 Decapod Crustaceans, page
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