Biological Invasions of Cold-Water Coastal Ecosystems - Aquatic ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapt 9C5. Copepod Crustaceans, page 9C5- 1 Chapter 9C5. Focal Taxonomic Collections: Copepod Crustaceans Jeffery R. Cordell, Wetland Ecosystems Team, Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle Methods Copepods were identified from three types of samples. The first method consisted of sweeps that were made through algal and fouling assemblages on the underside of docks, using a small hand-held net consisting of 130 µm mesh material attached to a stainless steel hoop of approximately 15 cm diameter. An effort was made to disturb algal and bivalve holdfasts in order to capture copepods from those microhabitats. The second type of samples taken were vertical water column plankton hauls made either off a dock or from a small boat in the harbor with a 0.25 m diameter 250 µm mesh plankton net. The net was lowered to the bottom, and after waiting approximately 1 minute for disturbance to dissipate, the net was slowly pulled to the surface. The third type of samples were taken from settling plates used for collecting fouling macro-invertebrates by briefly soaking plates in 5% formaldehyde solution in a plastic tub and washing the residue through 130 µm mesh. In the laboratory, each sample was examined under a dissecting microscope, and several representatives of each species of copepod were removed. Each species was then further examined under a compound microscope. Identification was made as far as possible without dissection of individuals (with the exception of occasional removal of the abdomen to facilitate viewing the fifth leg). Results and Discussion We identified 68 species of harpacticoid copepods, six calanoids, four cyclopoids, and several unidentified poecilostomatoid species (Table 9C5.1). Of these, none is a confirmed introduced species. For harpacticoids, our results were similar to those of Kask et al. (1982) for the Nanaimo estuary in southern British Columbia in both the number of species found (75 in B.C.) and in that most of the species that were identified were either northern Pacific, broadly distributed boreal species (i.e., Pacific and Atlantic records), or probably undescribed species. Kask et al. (1982) speculated that the presence of many of the species that they found might have been the result of introductions from ship fouling communities. Harpacticoid copepods may be particularly likely to be transported and introduced because as a group they have successfully occupied almost all benthic and epibenthic habitats. Also, many species have multiple life history modes (e.g., resting and planktonic stages) that may also increase their chance of being transported and introduced. However, these same factors may also explain wide natural distributions. The paucity of studies of harpacticoid taxonomy in the northeastern Pacific makes it nearly impossible to determine whether or not a given species has been introduced without extensive distribution or genetic studies. Many of the species described in Lang’s monograph on the harpacticoids of central California (Lang, 1965) occur in Puget Sound (J. Cordell, unpublished data) and southern British Columbia (Kask et. al., 1982), and Lang’s species that also occur in Prince William Sound (Table 9C5.2) probably have continuous distributions. Other species that we encountered have Arctic and circumboreal distributions. An example of this is the important
Chapt 9C5. Copepod Crustaceans, page 9C5- 2 Table 9C5.1. Copepoda Order Harpacticoida Fam. Ameiridae Ameira longipes Boeck, 1865 Ameira sp. 1 Ameira sp. 2 Ameiridae, unid. sp. 1 Fam. Ancorabolidae Arthropsyllus serratus Sars, 1909 Fam. Canthocamptidae Mesochra pygmaea (Claus, 1863) Mesochra sp. 1 Fam. Canthocamptidae, incertae sedis Leimia vaga Willey, 1923 Fam. Cletodidae Acrenhydrosoma sp. Fam. Danielsseniidae Danielssenia typica Fam Diosaccidae Diosaccus spinatus Lang, 1965 Diosaccus sp. 1 Amphiascopsis cinctus Amphiascus minutus Amphiascus sp. 1 Amphiascoides cf. debilis Amphiascoides sp. 1 Amonardia perturbata Lang, 1965 Amonardia normani Robertsonia sp. Stenhelia peniculata Lang, 1965 Fam. Ectinosomatidae Ectinosoma sp. Halectinosoma sp. 1 Halectinosoma sp. 2 Halectinosoma sp. 3 Microsetella norvegica Fam. Tachidiidae Microarthridion littorale (Poppe, 1881)
Page 1 and 2:
page i BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS OF COLD
Page 3 and 4:
page iii • Stephan Benda, Valdez
Page 5 and 6:
page v • From an industry and man
Page 7 and 8:
page vii • The magnitude of seaso
Page 9 and 10:
page ix • The voyage duration of
Page 11 and 12:
page xi microscopes for the study.
Page 13 and 14:
page xiii 9C9. Echinoderms 9C9-1 9C
Page 15 and 16:
Chapt 1. Introduction, page 1- 2 pa
Page 17 and 18:
Chapt 1. Introduction, page 1- 4 co
Page 19 and 20:
Chapt 1. Introduction, page 1- 6 79
Page 21 and 22:
Chapt 1. Introduction, page 1- 8 pr
Page 23 and 24:
Chapt 1. Introduction, page 1- 10 R
Page 25 and 26:
Chapt 2. Ballast Water Delivery Pat
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Chapt 3. Biological Characteristics
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Chapt 4. Predicting Initial Surviva
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Chapt 5 Ballast Water Exchange Expe
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Chapt 6. Organisms in Sediments of
Page 75 and 76:
Chapt 6. Organisms in Sediments of
Page 77 and 78:
Chapt 7. Organisms Fouling Hulls an
Page 79 and 80:
Chapt. 8. Summary of NIS, page 8- 1
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
Chapt 9A. Overview of NIS Surveys,
Page 107 and 108:
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Chapt 9B. NIS Surveys: Rapid Commun
Page 115 and 116:
Chapt 9C1. Marine Plants, page 9C1-
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Chapt 9C2. Planktonic Cnidaria, Cte
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Chapt 9C3. Polychaete Worms, page 9
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170: Chapt 9C3. Polychaete Worms, page 9
Page 171 and 172: Chapt 9C3. Polychaete Worms, page 9
Page 173 and 174: Chapt 9C4. Peracaridan Crustaceans,
Page 205 and 206: Appendix Table 9C4.5. Continued Cha
Page 207 and 208: Appendix Table 9C4.7. UAF unidentif
Page 219: Chapt 9C4. Peracaridan Crustaceans,
Page 223 and 224: Chapt 9C5. Copepod Crustaceans, pag
Page 229 and 230: Chapt 9C6 Decapod Crustaceans, page
Page 231 and 232: Chapt 9C7. Shelled Molluscs, page 9
Page 241 and 242: Chapt 9C8. Opisthobranch Molluscs,
Page 249 and 250: Chapt 9C9. Echinoderms, page 9C9- 2
Page 251 and 252: Chapt 9C10. Ascidians, page 9C10- 2
Page 259 and 260: Chapt 9D. Fouling Community Surveys
Page 265 and 266: Chapt 9E. Museum, Reference and Vou
Page 271 and 272:
Chapt 9E. Museum, Reference and Vou
Page 273 and 274:
Chapt 10. Biodiversity, page 10- 2
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
show all

Biological Invasions of Cold-Water Coastal Ecosystems - Aquatic ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?