Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil ... - ABB Group

and gas, the remainder is coal, peat and renewable bioenergy, such as
firewood. 11% or 3.2 billion tons comes from the oil and gas industry itself in
the form of losses, local heating, power generation, etc.
The annual emissions are about 1% of total atmospheric CO 2 , which is in
balance with about 50 times more carbon dioxide dissolved in seawater. This
balance is dependent on sea temperature: Ocean CO 2 storage is reduced as
temperature increases, but increases with the partial pressure of CO 2 in the
atmosphere. Short term, the net effect is that about half the CO 2 emitted to
air contributes to an increase of atmospheric CO 2 by about 1.5 ppm annually.
For methane, the largest source of human activity-related methane
emissions to atmosphere is from rice paddies and enteric fermentation in
ruminant animals (dung and compost) from 1.4 billion cows and buffalos.
These emissions are estimated at 78.5 Tg/year (source: FAO) out of a total
of 200 Tg, which is equivalent to about 5,000 Tg of CO 2 . Methane from the
oil and gas industry accounts for around 30% of emissions, mainly from
losses in transmission and distribution pipelines and systems for natural gas.
Figure 40. Greenhouse emissions Source: Wikipedia Commons
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