Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil ... - ABB Group

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Contact us ABB AS P.O. Box 6359 Etterstad NO-0603 Oslo Tel: 03500 / +47 22 87 20 00 www.abb.com/oilandgas ISBN 978-82-997886-3-2 TV0319 © Copyright 2006-2013 ABB. All rights reserved.
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Håvard Devold Oil and gas producti
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PREFACE This handbook has been comp
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4.1.1 Pipelines and risers ........
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9.1.7 Biofuels ....................
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arrels per day in October, 1861, an
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2 Facilities and processes The oil
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Although there is a wide range of s
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day GOSP. Product is sent from the
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FPSO: Floating Production, Storage
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water depths from 300 up to 3,000 m
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For gas gathering systems, it is co
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2.3.5 Utility systems Utility syste
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for the operation of the pipeline.
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Photo: DOW, Terneusen, Netherlands
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particular crude is merely a measur
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3.1.3 Condensates While the ethane,
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each different parts of the structu
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around 4.5 MPa. During production,
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well from caving in and to help in
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well to add multiple completions to
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Variable flow choke valve. The vari
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motor drives a reciprocating beam,
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The cycle starts with the plunger f
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4 The upstream oil and gas process
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The desired setting for each well a
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Emergency valves (EVs) are sectioni
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The environmental regulations in mo
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Heat exchangers of various forms ar
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• Reciprocating compressors, whic
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Figure 8. Compressor state diagram
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4.4 Oil and gas storage, metering a
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Gas metering is less accurate than
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5 Midstream facilities Raw natural
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o o Acid gas has a high content of
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5.3.1 Acid gas removal Acid gases s
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5.3.4 Nitrogen rejection Excessive
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5.4 Pipelines Pipeline installation
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pressure-reducing turbines (or brak
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LNG carriers are used when the tran
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Typical LNG train power use is abou
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The dual cycle mixed refrigerant (D
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6 Refining Up to the early 1970s, c
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3 and 4 and boiling points -42 °C
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Figure 20. Refinery process flow di
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Distillate hydrotreater units desul
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2 H 2 S + O 2 → S 2 + 2 H 2 O The
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7 Petrochemical Petrochemicals are
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products. Almost all aromatics come
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formed into molded products. Nylon
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chains with only two, three or four
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appliance housings, dishwasher-proo
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ubber is a vinyl polymer, and is ve
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terephthalic acid (PTA) as the pref
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• Field instrumentation: sensors
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Page 113 and 114: to-end safety integrity level. The
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Page 119 and 120: system by means of the available co
Page 121 and 122: • Flowline control to stabilize m
Page 123 and 124: numerical or computed variables are
Page 125 and 126: training facilities are often conne
Page 127 and 128: Therefore use of large variable spe
Page 129 and 130: desalination of seawater though dis
Page 131 and 132: Polyelectrolyte Methanol (MEG) TEG
Page 133 and 134: · Mandatory radio system · Securi
Page 135 and 136: 9 Unconventional and conventional r
Page 137 and 138: eleases bitumen from the oil sand,
Page 139 and 140: after well completion and fracturin
Page 141 and 142: gas - combined. However, research i
Page 143 and 144: 9.1.8 Hydrogen Although not a hydro
Page 145 and 146: and gas, the remainder is coal, pea
Page 147 and 148: The main contribution to sea level
Page 149 and 150: 10 Units Some common units used in
Page 151 and 152: 11 Glossary of terms and acronyms A
Page 153 and 154: MEG MEK MMA MP MPA MPG / USP MSDS M
Page 155 and 156: 12 References Web online sources an
Page 157 and 158: cumene ............................
Page 159 and 160: polybutadiene .....................
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