Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil ... - ABB Group

2 H 2 S + O 2 → S 2 + 2 H 2 O
The reactor runs at 1,000° C and 0.15 MPa, with three steps: one thermal
and two catalytic to improve yield.
Using these processes, a modern refinery can raise the basic gasoline yield
depending on crude quality from 10-40% to around to 70%.
6.4 Blending and distribution
After the refining processes, the various fractions are stored in intermediate
tanks, then blended into marketable products for loading onto railcars, trucks
or ships, and distribution to gas stations or industries.
Each product is blended to a specification of up to 25 parameters such as
octane rating, energy content, volatility and sulfur content. The task is to
achieve the specification (and not exceed, where applicable) with the
minimum amount of over-spec “giveaway.” The blending quality is managed
with infrared or chromatograph type process analyzers. These can
determine the precise fractions of a sample by molecule type.
The standard specification gasoline is therefore standard from company to
company in the individual markets, ensuring compatibility with vehicle
manufacturer requirements. Also, the terminal operator may be an
independent third party or run as co-distribution, so that a terminal in one
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