Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil ... - ABB Group

Capturing CO2 can be done at large point sites, such as large fossil fuel or
biomass energy facilities, industries with major CO 2 emissions, natural gas
processing, synthetic fuel plants and fossil fuel-based hydrogen production
plants:
Overall there are three types of processes:
• Pre-combustion systems, where the fuel is gasified and processed
before combustion, and carbon dioxide can be removed from a
relatively pure exhaust stream.
• Post-combustion systems, where carbon dioxide is extracted from
the flue gas, e.g., using an amine process.
• Oxyfuel consumption, where fuel is burned as relatively pure
oxygen, so the hydrocarbon is burned in oxygen instead of air. This
produces a flue gas consisting of only carbon dioxide and water
vapor, which is cooled and condensed.
For storage:
• A system to store, transport and inject gas into existing reservoirs.
This is done by a pipeline, which is generally the cheapest form of
transport, or by ship if pipelines are not available.
• Alternatives to storage include carbonatization, deep sea deposit,
and planting of photosynthetic plants in otherwise infertile areas.
Currently these processes could remove around 90% of CO 2 at a cost of
$35-90 per ton, including injection and storage in a reservoir. This is about 2-
3 times the long-term expected emission quota costs.
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