Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil ... - ABB Group

More documents

Recommendations

Info

13 Index ABS ..................................... 92, 95 absorption ................................. 63 acid gas ..................................... 61 acid gas removal ....................... 63 acronyms ................................ 143 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene . 92, 95 actuator ................................... 101 additives .................................... 86 adsorbtion ................................. 63 alkanes ...................................... 21 alkyd resins ............................... 90 alkylates .................................... 84 alkylation unit ............................ 83 amine gas treater ...................... 84 Ammonia ................................... 99 anti surge ............................ 48, 53 antifoam .................................. 122 API .................................. 141, 142 API grade .................................. 21 aromatic petrochemicals ........... 87 aromatics ............................ 21, 88 Aromatics .................................. 19 artificial lift ................................. 35 Asphalt ...................................... 80 asset optimization ................... 113 atmospheric distillation .............. 82 atmospheric ventilation ........... 119 auto-refrigeration ....................... 76 axial compressor .................... 51 ballast systems ....................... 121 Barrel....................................... 141 beam pump ............................... 35 biocides ................................... 123 biofuels .................................... 133 Bitumen ..................................... 80 blending .................................... 85 Block valve stations ............ 68, 69 blow out ..................................... 28 blow-down ......................... 45, 119 Bunker....................................... 80 butadiene .................................. 96 butylenes .................................. 96 calorific value ............................ 65 carbon capture ........................ 140 carbon number .......................... 22 casing........................................ 29 catalytic reformer unit ............... 82 cause and affect chart ............ 106 CCR ........................................ 102 Central Control Room ............. 102 centrifugal compressors ........ 52 chemical additives .................. 121 choke valve ............................... 34 christmas tree ........................... 32 Claus process ........................... 84 CNG .......................................... 61 CO 2 ......................................... 136 coal ......................................... 131 coal bed methane ................... 130 coalescer .................................. 46 co-distribution ........................... 85 coiled tubing .............................. 39 coke .......................................... 80 coking unit ................................. 83 communication systems ......... 125 completion ................................ 31 compliant towers ......................... 9 compressor ............................... 50 condensate ......................... 24, 61 condition monitoring ................ 114 cone bit ..................................... 26 control valves .......................... 100 controller ................................. 101 coriolis massflow ....................... 56 corrosion inhibitor ................... 124 crude oil .................................... 21 cryogenic removal ..................... 63 148
cumene .................................... 95 custody transfer .................. 15, 55 DEA ........................................... 93 deluge ..................................... 107 depressurisation ...................... 119 derrick ....................................... 26 dew point ................................... 66 diesel ......................................... 23 Diesel oil ................................... 79 dimerization ............................... 84 dimethyl terephthalate............ 98 directional drilling ...................... 27 distillate hydrotreater ................. 83 distribution ................................. 85 DMT .......................................... 98 downhole pump ......................... 36 drag reducers .......................... 124 Drake .......................................... 1 drawworks ................................. 26 drill string ................................... 26 drilling ........................................ 26 dry gas ...................................... 60 electric power .......................... 117 emergency shutdown .............. 105 emissions ................................ 135 emulsion breaker .................... 122 energy efficiency ..................... 139 environmental impact .............. 136 Epoxy resin ............................... 91 ESD ......................................... 105 ESP ........................................... 36 ethanol .............................. 93, 133 ethanolamines ........................... 93 Exploration .................................. 4 explosive hazard ..................... 102 F&G ......................................... 108 facilities ....................................... 5 FCC ........................................... 83 fieldbus .................................... 101 fire and gas system ................. 107 fire area ................................... 107 fire damper .............................. 107 fire detection ........................... 107 149 firefighting ............................... 107 Fischer–Tropsch process . 98, 131 flare ......................................... 119 flash-drum ................................. 45 floating production ...................... 9 fluid catalytic cracker ................ 83 FPSO ........................................ 10 fractional distillation .................. 77 fracturing ................................... 39 free flowing well ........................ 35 Fuel oil ...................................... 80 functional safety ...................... 103 gas ............................................ 23 gas compression ....................... 17 gas detection .......................... 107 gas oil separation plant (GOSP) . 7 Gas Plants ................................ 16 Gas to Liquids ......................... 132 gas volume ............................... 65 gasoline .............................. 23, 79 gathering ................................... 13 glycol ................................. 50, 123 gravity base ................................ 9 greenhouse gas ...................... 136 HAZID ..................................... 103 HAZOP ................................... 103 HDPE ........................................ 94 heat exchanger ......................... 48 heavy crude ............................ 128 HIPPS ....................................... 70 history ......................................... 1 horizontal tree ........................... 34 horizontal well ........................... 27 HVAC ...................................... 120 hydrocracker ............................. 83 hydrocyclone ............................. 47 hydrogen ................................. 135 hydrogen sulfide ....................... 66 hypochlorite ............................ 123 information management system ............................................ 115 injection wells ............................ 35 instrument air .......................... 120
Page 1 and 2:
Håvard Devold Oil and gas producti
Page 3:
PREFACE This handbook has been comp
Page 6 and 7:
4.1.1 Pipelines and risers ........
Page 8 and 9:
9.1.7 Biofuels ....................
Page 10 and 11:
arrels per day in October, 1861, an
Page 12 and 13:
2 Facilities and processes The oil
Page 14 and 15:
Although there is a wide range of s
Page 16 and 17:
day GOSP. Product is sent from the
Page 18 and 19:
FPSO: Floating Production, Storage
Page 20 and 21:
water depths from 300 up to 3,000 m
Page 22 and 23:
For gas gathering systems, it is co
Page 24 and 25:
2.3.5 Utility systems Utility syste
Page 26 and 27:
for the operation of the pipeline.
Page 28 and 29:
Photo: DOW, Terneusen, Netherlands
Page 30 and 31:
particular crude is merely a measur
Page 32 and 33:
3.1.3 Condensates While the ethane,
Page 34 and 35:
each different parts of the structu
Page 36 and 37:
around 4.5 MPa. During production,
Page 38 and 39:
well from caving in and to help in
Page 40 and 41:
well to add multiple completions to
Page 42 and 43:
Variable flow choke valve. The vari
Page 44 and 45:
motor drives a reciprocating beam,
Page 46 and 47:
The cycle starts with the plunger f
Page 48:
4 The upstream oil and gas process
Page 51 and 52:
The desired setting for each well a
Page 53 and 54:
Emergency valves (EVs) are sectioni
Page 55 and 56:
The environmental regulations in mo
Page 57 and 58:
Heat exchangers of various forms ar
Page 59 and 60:
• Reciprocating compressors, whic
Page 61 and 62:
Figure 8. Compressor state diagram
Page 63 and 64:
4.4 Oil and gas storage, metering a
Page 65 and 66:
Gas metering is less accurate than
Page 67 and 68:
5 Midstream facilities Raw natural
Page 69 and 70:
o o Acid gas has a high content of
Page 71 and 72:
5.3.1 Acid gas removal Acid gases s
Page 73 and 74:
5.3.4 Nitrogen rejection Excessive
Page 75 and 76:
5.4 Pipelines Pipeline installation
Page 77 and 78:
pressure-reducing turbines (or brak
Page 79 and 80:
LNG carriers are used when the tran
Page 81 and 82:
Typical LNG train power use is abou
Page 83 and 84:
The dual cycle mixed refrigerant (D
Page 85 and 86:
6 Refining Up to the early 1970s, c
Page 87 and 88:
3 and 4 and boiling points -42 °C
Page 89 and 90:
Figure 20. Refinery process flow di
Page 91 and 92:
Distillate hydrotreater units desul
Page 93 and 94:
2 H 2 S + O 2 → S 2 + 2 H 2 O The
Page 95 and 96:
7 Petrochemical Petrochemicals are
Page 97 and 98:
products. Almost all aromatics come
Page 99 and 100:
formed into molded products. Nylon
Page 101 and 102:
chains with only two, three or four
Page 103 and 104:
appliance housings, dishwasher-proo
Page 105 and 106: ubber is a vinyl polymer, and is ve
Page 107 and 108: terephthalic acid (PTA) as the pref
Page 109 and 110: • Field instrumentation: sensors
Page 111 and 112: • Optimization of various process
Page 113 and 114: to-end safety integrity level. The
Page 115 and 116: PSD and can be handled with less st
Page 117 and 118: P&ID 109
Page 119 and 120: system by means of the available co
Page 121 and 122: • Flowline control to stabilize m
Page 123 and 124: numerical or computed variables are
Page 125 and 126: training facilities are often conne
Page 127 and 128: Therefore use of large variable spe
Page 129 and 130: desalination of seawater though dis
Page 131 and 132: Polyelectrolyte Methanol (MEG) TEG
Page 133 and 134: · Mandatory radio system · Securi
Page 135 and 136: 9 Unconventional and conventional r
Page 137 and 138: eleases bitumen from the oil sand,
Page 139 and 140: after well completion and fracturin
Page 141 and 142: gas - combined. However, research i
Page 143 and 144: 9.1.8 Hydrogen Although not a hydro
Page 145 and 146: and gas, the remainder is coal, pea
Page 147 and 148: The main contribution to sea level
Page 149 and 150: 10 Units Some common units used in
Page 151 and 152: 11 Glossary of terms and acronyms A
Page 153 and 154: MEG MEK MMA MP MPA MPG / USP MSDS M
Page 155: 12 References Web online sources an
Page 159 and 160: polybutadiene .....................
Page 161 and 162: 153
show all

Oil and gas production handbook An introduction to oil ... - ABB Group

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?