Hazar World - Sayı:31 - Haziran 2015

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KAFKASYA’DAN GEÇEN ULAŞTIRMA
GÜZERGAHLARI VE KAPASITELERI
Bugün tarihi İpek Yolu’ndan geçmesi planlanan
TRACECA, BTK ve İpek Rüzgarı
(Silk Wind) Projesi gibi pek çok yeni ulaştırma
koridorları ve projeleri geliştirildi. Bu
yolların ve koridorların kargo taşımacılığı
ile güzergah üzerindeki ülkeler için önemli
bir gelir kaynağı yaratması bekleniyor.
Bu projelerin en önemli noktası, hepsinin
Güney Kafkasya’dan geçiyor olması. Bu
sebeple bugün uluslararası kargoları kendi
ulaştırma hatlarına çekmek isteyen bölge
ülkeleri arasında yeni bir rekabet başladı.
2007 yılının başında, uzun yıllardır yapılması
planlanan Bakü-Tiflis-Kars demiryolu
hattının hayata geçirilmesi konusunda
Azerbaycan, Gürcistan ve Türkiye arasında
anlaşmaya varıldığı açıklandı. 88 kilometrelik
BTK demiryolu hattının 502 kilometrelik
kısmı Bakü’den Gürcistan sınırına kadar
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Hazar Geçişi
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Caspian Transit
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to exploit the new markets after the collapse
of the USSR.
On the other hand, especially by the rise of
Chinese economy, the region gained more
importance for international trade corridors.
Currently China’s annual shipping has
reached about 240 million tons of containers
to Western Europe and the United States.
The trade and transportation corridors
which passed through Caucasus have all the
chances to attract part of the huge volume of
container cargo which now goes from China
to Europe by sea.
TRANSPORTATION ROUTES AND CAPACITY
THAT PASSED THROUGH CAUCASUS
Today, many new transportation corridors
and projects are announced to pass along
the ancient Silk Road, such as TRACECA,
BTK, and Silk Wind etc. It is expected that
these roads and corridors will bring big revenues
to the related countries by transporting
cargoes. The pivotal point of all those
projects is that all of them will pass through
South Caucasus. Therefore, today, a new
competition has started among the regional
countries to attract international cargoes to
their countries’ transportation roads.
In early 2007 it was announced that the
establishing of the long-considered Baku-
Tbilisi-Kars railway has been agreed
between the governments of Azerbaijan,
Georgia and Turkey. 502 km of 838 km BTK
railway is running through Azerbaijan from
Baku to the Georgian border. Beyond, it will
connect Central Eurasia with Europe; the
Baku-Tbilisi-Kars railway project within
this corridor is important for the Central
Asian Republics and Turkey which are
seeking transport options for their exports
and imports which would provide competitive
alternatives to transport through
Russia. Moreover this project would provide
uninterrupted railway transport from
Baku to Istanbul and further.
It is expected that the line will be mostly
carrying general freight and will reach 17
million tons of cargo transportation capacity
by the end of construction of new rail roads
and renovation of existing roads.
At the end of this line, Azerbaijan has constructed
a new international port at Alat
which is located 75 km south of Baku at the
cross point of highway, railway and pipeline
routes. The first phase of the port which has
10 million tons of dry cargo and 50,000 TEU
handling capacity is nearly finished. By the
end of the second phase, the port will have
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