Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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Wildlife: Considered non-toxic to mammals, birds, and plants. Natural enemies and bees: Since this product is used to control a broad range of insect types (including beetles and ants), natural predators in these insect classes could also be affected. For example, research has shown that there is significant mortality of convergent lady beetles when exposed to B. bassiana. Caution should be used during application when natural predators are present and when honeybees are actively foraging. EFFICACY: While B. bassiana affects a wide variety of insect groups (beetles, caterpillars, thrips, aphids, etc.), the variability of control of any one insect can be large and depends on environmental factors, timing of sprays, the stage of the insect, and the insect’s inherent susceptibility to the fungal strain. Beauveria bassiana products have not shown consistently effective pest control in university trials, though some studies conducted in the Northeast have shown promise. Decent control of the diamondback moth on cabbage seedlings was achieved by well-timed sprays with good coverage (Shelton et al. 1998). Additional field trials have indicated that fair to good, season-long control of the caterpillar complex on cabbage can be achieved with multiple sprays (Vandenberg et al. 1998). In areas where insects like the diamondback moth and Colorado potato beetle have become resistant to spinosad, B. bassiana can be used by organic growers as part of an integrated control program. Control of the Colorado potato beetle has been variably successful and largely dependent on the population pressure and application methods, as well as the factors mentioned above (Wraight and Ramos 2002). In the mid-1990s, studies conducted on the tarnished plant bug (TPB), a major pest of strawberries, indicated that TPB populations and their damage could be reduced to about half through four applications of a product containing B. bassiana (Kovach and English-Loeb 1997). However, it probably needs to be applied early in pest population development, as the most damaging TPB problems occur around bloom, and the usual IPM treatment thresholds are not appropriate because the material is slow acting. The authors suggest that it may work best in settings that have moderate TPB populations, such as in strawberry plantings that include cultivars that are more tolerant to TPB damage (e.g., “Honeoye). Beauveria Products Efficacy 12 Good Control Fair Control Poor Control 10 Number of Trials 8 6 4 2 0 Pest Figure 1. Efficacy of Beauveria products against insect pests of vegetable crops. Organic Resource Guide 115
A summary of university field trials of Beauveria bassiana products on vegetable crops commonly grown in the Northeast reveals variable efficacy even within the same pest group (Fig. 1). These trials typically test products with untreated buffer rows and other conditions that create unusually severe pest pressure. The level of pest control is likely to be higher on fields in which a good program of cultural controls has also been implemented. In Figure 1, “good control” means statistically significant reductions in either pest numbers or damage of 75% or more, compared to an untreated control. “Fair control” includes those with significant reductions of 50-74%, and non-significant reductions of over 50%. The “poor control” group includes any results with less than 50% reduction. Variable results in these studies indicate more testing is needed, particularly for beetles, thrips, and aphids. Western flower thrips are not very susceptible to the GHA strain, according to lab studies (Wraight and Ramos 2002). REFERENCES Bextine, B. R. & Thorvilson, H. G. (2002). Field applications of bait-formulated Beauveria bassiana alginate pellets for biological control of the Red Imported Fire Ant. Environmental Entomology. 31, 746-752. Goettel, M. S., Inglis, G. D. & Wraight, S.P. (2000). Fungi. In Lacey, L.A. & Kaya, H. K. (Eds.), Field Manual of Techniques in Invertebrate Pathology (255- 282). Kluwer Academic Press. Groden, E., Wraight, S. P. & Drummond, F. A. (2002). Microbial control of Colorado potato beetle in potatoes in rain-fed potato agroecosystems in the Northeastern US. Proceedings, International Colloquium on Invertebrate Pathology and Microbial Control. Foz do Iguacu, Brazil. 8, 265-269. James, R. R. & Lighthart, B. (1994). Susceptibility of the Convergent Lady Beetle (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) to Four Entomogenous Fungi. Envioronmental Entomology. 23(1), 190-192. Kovach, J. & English-Loeb, G. (1997). Testing the efficacy of Mycotrol ES, Beauvaria bassiana, on tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineiolaris, in New York Strawberries. Retrieved from: http:// www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/beauveria/beauveria.html Kuepper, G. (2003). Colorado Potato Beetle: Organic Control Options. National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/PDF/copotbeetl.pdf Lo, P. L., Bradley, S. J., & Murrell, V. C. (1999). Evaluation of organically-acceptable pesticides against the Green Peach Aphid (Myzus persicae). Proceedings 52nd NZ Plant Protection Conference. 75-79. Long, D. W., Drummond, G. A., & Groden, E. (2000). Horizontal transmission of Beauveria bassiana. Agriculture and Forest Entomology, 2, 11-17. NOP. 2000. USDA National Organic Program Regulations, 7CFR 205.206(e) http://www. ams.usda.gov/nop Shelton, A. M., Vandenberg, J. D., Ramos, M. & Wilsey, W. T. (1998). Efficacy and persistence of Beauvaria bassiana and other fungi for control of diamondback moth on cabbage seedlings. Journal of Entomological Science, 33, 142-151. Vandenberg, J. D., Shelton, A. M., Wilsey, W.T., & Ramos, M. (1998). Assessment of Beauveria bassiana sprays for control of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) on crucifers. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, 624-630. Wraight, S. P. & Ramos, M. E. (2002). Application factors affecting the field efficacy of Beauvaria bassiana foliar treatments against the Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Biological Control, 23(2), 164-178. 116 Organic Resource Guide
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RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
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ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
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6 Organic Resource Guide tion becau
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4. There is some varietal tolerance
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Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
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2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
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CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
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II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
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Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
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Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
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2. Legume cover crops are good host
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Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
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PIPE and beginning applications bef
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By the time injury to the plant is
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Materials Approved for Organic Prod
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lowing spores. If in contact with d
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esistant varieties, there are still
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52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
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Page 99 and 100: Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
Page 103 and 104: Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
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Page 111 and 112: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
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Page 127 and 128: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
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Page 135 and 136: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
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Page 139 and 140: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
Page 141 and 142: eetle in field trials; however, it
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Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetle
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
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Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
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174 Organic Resource Guide FORMULAT
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Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
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Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
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AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
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Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
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APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
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APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
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APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
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192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec
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Inert ingredients are not necessari
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196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
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Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
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Plant Management Network. A non-pro
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Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
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