Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

products. Best results were obtained against powdery mildew in cucurbits and grapes.
All powdery mildew studies with good control used multiple applications, from three
to ten times per season. The positive gray mold study used 2 applications. The oil
products were also promising against some insect and mite pests.
REFERENCES
Banken, J. O. & Stark, J. D. (1997). Stage and age influence on susceptibility of Coccinella septempunctata
after direct exposure to Neemix, a neem insecticide. J. Economic Entomology,
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Copping, L.G. (Ed.). (2001). The BioPesticides Manual. Second Edition. British Crop Protection
Counsel.
EPA Fact Sheet. Azadirachtin (121701) Clarified Hydrophobic Extract of Neem Oil (025007).
Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/
factsheet_025007.htm.
Extoxnet (Undated). Azadirachtin: Pesticide Information Profiles: Extension Toxicology Network.
Retrieved from: http://ace.orst.edu/info/extoxnet/pips/azadirac.htm.
Gill, J. S. & Lewis, C. T. (1971). Systemic action of an insect feeding deterrent. Nature (Lond.), 232,
402-403.
Larew, H. G. (1988). Limited occurrence of foliar-, root-, and seed-applied neem seed extract
toxin in untreated plant parts. J. Economic Entomology, 81, 593-598.
Lowery, D.T. & Isman, M.B. (1994). Effects of Neem and Azadirachtin on Aphids and their Natural
Enemies. In Hedin, P. A. (Ed.), Bioregulators for Crop Protection and Pest Contro (pp. 78-
91). ACS Symposium Series 557. American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Martineau, J. (1994). MSDS for Azatin-EC Biological Insecticide. AgriDyne Technologies, Inc.
January 26, 1994.
Miller, F. & Uetz, S. (1998). Evaluating Biorational Pesticides for Controlling Arthropod Pest and
their Phytotoxic Effects on Greenhouse Crops. Hort. Technology, 8(2), 185-192.
Mostafa, B. & Abdel-Megeed, M. I. (1996). Molluscicidal activity of neem on Biomphalaria
alexandrina. Proceedings: Sixth conference of agricultural development research. Cairo.
Annals of Agricultural Science Cairo. Special Issue, 215-232.
Nisbet, A. J., Woodford, J. A. T., Strang, R. H. C., & Connoly, J. D. (1993). Systemic antifeedant effects
of azadirachtin on the peach-potato aphid Myzus persicae. Entomol. Exp. Appl, 68,
87-98.
NOP. 2000. USDA National Organic Program regulations, 7CFR 205.206(e). Retrieved from:
http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop
Osman, M. Z. & Port, G. R. (1990). Systemic action of neem seed substances against Myzus persicae.
Entomol. Exp. Appl, 54, 297-300.
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and Azadirachtin in lettuce: comparison of application methods for control of lettuce
aphids. University of Arizona 2001 Vegetable Report.
Quarles, W. (1994). Neem Tree Pesticides Product Ornamental Plants. The IPM Practitioner,
16(10), 1-13.
Ruckin, F.R. (Ed). (1992). Neem, A Tree for Solving Global Problems. National Academy Press. Washington,
D.C.
Schmutterer, H. (1990). Properties and potential of natural pesticides form the neem tree, Azadirachta
indica. Ann. Review of Entomol, 35, 271-297.
Smitley, D. R. & Davis, T. W. (2000). Twospotted spider mite on marigold in the greenhouse.
Arthropod Management Tests, 25, G62.
Stark, J. D. & Walter, J. F. (1995). Neem oil and neem oil components affect the efficacy of commercial
neem insecticides. J. Agric. Food Chem, 43, 507-512.
Thacker, J. R. M. (2002). An Introduction to Arthropod Pest Control. Cambridge University Press.
Weinzierl, R. & Henn, T. (1991). Alternatives in Insect management: Biological and Biorational
Approaches. North Central Regional Extension, Publication 401.
142 Organic Resource Guide