Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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Efficacy of Copper Fungicides against Selected Diseases 6 Good Fair Poor 5 Number of Trials 4 3 2 1 0 Bean -‐ downy mildew Bean-‐ white mold Beet -‐ Cersospora leaf spot Carrot -‐ leaf blights Cucurbit -‐ powdery mildew Cucurbit -‐ fruit rot Crop -‐ Pest Potato and tomato -‐ late blight Spinach -‐ white rust Tomato -‐ Septoria leaf spot Tomato -‐ early blight Tomato -‐ bacterial spot, speck Apple -‐ fireblight Figure 1. Efficacy of copper against diseases showing a “Fair” or “Good” response. REFERENCES Baker, D. E. (1990). Copper. In Alloway. B. J. (Ed.), Heavy Metals in Soil (pp. 151-176). Blackie and Sons Ltd. Besnard E., Chenu, C., & Robert, M. (2001). Influence of organic amendments on copper distribution among particle-size and density fractions in Champagne vineyard soils. Environmental Pollution 112, 329-337. Certis USA. (2009). Cueva Material Safety Data Sheet. Extoxnet. (1996). Copper Sulfate. Pesticide Information Profiles: Extension Toxicology Network. Retrieved from: http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/coppersu.htm. Harrison, E. Z., McBride, M. B., & Bouldin, D. R. (1999). Land Application of Sewage Sludges: an appraisal of the US regulations. Int. J. of Environ. and Pollution 11(1), 1-43. Holmgren, G. G. S., Meyer, M. W., Chaney, R. L., & Daniels, R. B. (1993). Cadmium, lead, zinc, copper, and nickel in agricultural soils of the United States of America. J. Env. Quality. 22, 335-348. NOP. (2000). USDA National Organic Program regulations, National List, as amended. 7CFR 205.601, Retrieved from: http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop. Nufarm Americas Inc. (2002). Champion Material Data Safety Sheet. OMRI. (2001). Copper Sulfate for use as Algicide and Invertebrate Pest Control. NOSB Technical Advisory Panel Review compiled by the Organic Materials Review Institute for the USDA National Organic Program. Retrieved from: http://www.omri.org/OMRI_TAP_ archive.html. Organic Resource Guide 127
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydrogen Dioxide 128 Organic Resource Guide MATERIAL NAME: Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydrogen Dioxide MATERIAL TYPE: Inorganic chemical U.S EPA TOXICITY CATEGORY: I, “Danger” USDA-NOP: Synthetic, allowed with restrictions. May be used for plant disease control or as an algaecide, disinfectant, or sanitizer if the requirements of 205.206(e) are met. Preventive, cultural, mechanical, and physical methods must be first choice for pest control, and conditions for use of a biological or botanical material must be documented in the organic system plan (NOP 2000). May be used as an adjuvant or inert ingredient in passive pheromone dispensers. MATERIAL DESCRIPTION Hydrogen peroxide is an odorless, colorless liquid. Aqueous solutions are used at a range of concentrations for bleaching paper, fabric, hair, and food; as a disinfectant and antiseptic; and in sewage and wastewater treatment. An 80% solution is used in rocket propulsion (Patniak 2003). Products with concentrations between 27 and 33% are used for surface sterilization and plant disease management in agricultural settings. These products are diluted to concentrations between 1:100 and 1:300 for use as surface disinfectants for non-porous surfaces and for soil, plant drench, or foliar applications. HOW IT WORKS: Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with substances with which it comes into contact by taking electrons. Rust and fire are both oxidative processes. When living tissue or microorganisms come into contact with oxidizing agents, the cell membrane is oxidized and disrupted, causing the cell to break open and die. Hydrogen peroxide is reactive and shortlived in the environment and has no residual activity (HERA 2005). TYPES OF PESTS IT CONTROLS Hydrogen peroxide is a general disinfectant, killing microorganisms with which it comes into contact. Some formulations are labeled for foliar applications to plants in order to control bacterial and fungal pathogens. Product labels include a wide variety of crops and a wide variety of pests. Some formulations are labeled for use in irrigation lines to control soil-borne pathogens. Other formulations are labeled for surface disinfection of greenhouse structures, pots, benches, and tools. Some formulations are labeled for both uses. FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION GUIDELINES Hydrogen peroxide is generally available as a 27%-33% concentrate liquid formulation that is diluted for foliar application and surface sterilization. It works best when diluted with water that contains low levels of organic or inorganic materials and a neutral pH. Tanks should be thoroughly rinsed with water before mixing. Hydrogen peroxide mixes readily with water with no settling. Workers who are handling concentrate should wear protective eyewear and rubber gloves. Applicators and handlers must wear coveralls over long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and chemical-resistant footwear. Various dilution guidelines exist for different uses: • May be used as a pre-plant dip treatment for control of damping-off, root rot, and stem rot diseases at a 1:100 dilution.
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ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
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4. There is some varietal tolerance
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2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
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CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
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II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
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Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
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Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
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2. Legume cover crops are good host
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Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
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34 Organic Resource Guide Materials
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PIPE and beginning applications bef
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By the time injury to the plant is
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lowing spores. If in contact with d
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esistant varieties, there are still
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52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
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corn borer eggs. Usually, all of th
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Organic Insect and Disease Control
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2. Crop rotation is recommended. 3.
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Page 111 and 112: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
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Page 127 and 128: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
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Page 131 and 132: Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (W Neud
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Page 139 and 140: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
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Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
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Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
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Page 175 and 176: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
Page 177 and 178: Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
Page 179 and 180: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
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Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
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AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
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Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
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APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
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APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
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APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
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192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec
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Inert ingredients are not necessari
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196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
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Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
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Plant Management Network. A non-pro
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Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
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