Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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OMRI LISTED PRODUCTS Actinovate for Lawn and Gardens (Natural Industries, Inc.) Actinovate AG (for agricultural uses) (Natural Industries, Inc.) Actinovate SP (for greenhouse, nursery, and landscapes) (Natural Industries, Inc.) Actinovate STP (for seed treatment) (Natural Industries, Inc.) References to OMRI listed products in this Guide are based on the 2012 edition of the OMRI Product List. Please consult www.omri.org for changes and updates in the brand name product listings.” after the product listing. REENTRY INTERVAL (REI) AND PRE-HARVEST INTERVAL REI is one hour for foliar applications. Actinovate may be applied up to and including the day of harvest. AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products are available through commercial agricultural suppliers and online. EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT There are no reports of birds, mammals, or insects serving as hosts for S. lydicus. Testing of non-target organisms such as birds and mammals was waived by US EPA because S. lydicus is ubiquitous in the soil, and applications at label rates are unlikely to significantly increase exposures. S. lydicus was determined to pose no risk to aquatic organisms because spore viability was reduced by 80% after 96 hours in rainbow trout exposure studies, and naturallyoccurring Streptomyces species have been reported from marine sediments. S. lydicus is not a known pathogen on any plant species. EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH Because S. lydicus is a common, well-characterized, naturally occurring soil bacterium, US EPA required limited data for registration of the Actinovate products. S. lydicus has no known animal hosts, and rat studies show that the WYEC108 strain is not toxic, infective, or pathogenic to rats via oral ingestion, inhalation, or direct injection exposures. Eye and dermal irritation studies showed that S. lydicus is non-irritating. Because repeated exposures to high concentrations of microbial proteins can cause allergic sensitization, applicators must wear a dust/mist filtering respirator that meets NIOSH standards of at least N-95, R-95, or P-95. US EPA has made a determination of reasonable certainty of no harm to the US population and established a permanent tolerance exemption for residues on all agricultural commodities when used in accordance with label directions. EFFICACY The trials summarized below are mainly from the online publication Plant Disease Management Reports and its predecessor journals. Trials conducted between 2000 and 2011 were included. Because university trials are often conducted in fields with intentionally high levels of disease inoculum, and untreated control and ineffective treatments may be producing secondary inoculum, the level of pest control obtainable is likely to be higher than shown, especially on completely treated fields in which a good program of cultural controls has also been implemented. In Figures 1 and 2, “good control” includes studies that showed statistically significant reductions in pest levels of more than 75%. “Fair control” includes any non-significant reductions over 50% and significant reductions between 50 and 75%. “Poor control” includes results with less than 50% control. The Y-axis refers to the number of studies conducted. S. lydicus has been tested against root and foliar pathogens in numerous vegetable crops (Figure 1). Results have fallen mainly into the “Poor” category of control, with the exception of one “Fair” result against root knot nematode in pumpkin and one “Good” and one “Fair” result against Fusarium surface rot in sweet potato. Organic Resource Guide 169
Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vegetable Crops 16 Good Fair Poor Number of Trials 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Cucurbits -‐ downy mildew Cucurbits -‐ Powdery mildew Basil -‐ downy mildew Broccoli -‐ root rot & wirestem Pumpkin -‐ Phytophthora blight Pumpkin -‐ root knot nematode Watermelon -‐ Anthracnose LeDuce -‐ powdery mildew LeDuce -‐ drop Mustard Greens -‐ downy mildew Pea -‐ root rots Potato -‐ black & silver scurf Potato -‐ black scurf & stem canker Potato -‐ early blight Potato -‐ stem canker Snap bean -‐ white mold Sugarbeet -‐ Rhizoctonia crown & root rot Crop -‐ Pest Sweet Corn -‐ damping off & root rot Sweet potato -‐ Fusarium surface rot Sweet Potato -‐ ScleroNal blight Tomato -‐ bacterial spot Tomato -‐ Fusarium wilt Tomato -‐ gray mold Tomato -‐ powdery mildew Tomato -‐ Septoria leaf spot Tomato -‐ southern blight Turnip Greens -‐ bacterial & Xanthomonas leaf spot Figure 1. Efficacy of S. lydicus against diseases of vegetable crops Streptomyces lydicus efficacy: Fruit Crops Number of Trials 6 5 4 3 2 1 Good Fair Poor 0 Apple -‐ fire blight Blackberry -‐ crown gall Grape -‐ Botry>s bunch rot Grape -‐ Phomopsis fruit rot Grape -‐ powdery mildew Grape -‐ sour rot Red Raspberry -‐ Botry>s gray mold Red Raspberry -‐ raspberry leaf spot Red Raspberry -‐ spur blight Strawberry -‐ angular leaf spot Strawberry -‐ Anthracnose Crop -‐ Pest Figure 2. Efficacy of S. lydicus against diseases of fruit crops. Strawberry -‐ Botry>s fruit rot Strawberry -‐ charcoal rot Strawberry -‐ Phytophthora crown rot Strawberry -‐ powdery mildew Tangelo -‐ Alternaria brown spot 170 Organic Resource Guide
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RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
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ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
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4. There is some varietal tolerance
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Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
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2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
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CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
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II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
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Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
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Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
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2. Legume cover crops are good host
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Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
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PIPE and beginning applications bef
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By the time injury to the plant is
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Materials Approved for Organic Prod
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lowing spores. If in contact with d
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esistant varieties, there are still
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52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
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corn borer eggs. Usually, all of th
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Organic Insect and Disease Control
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2. Crop rotation is recommended. 3.
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soil either as pupae or larvae. In
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CAVITY SPOT (Pythium sp.) Cavity sp
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Photo 1.9 Botrytis porri on garlic.
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CHAPTER 2 - Brassica Photo 2.1 Cabb
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Photo 2.14 Alternaria leaf spot sym
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CHAPTER 4 - Cucurbits Photo 4.1 Squ
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Photo 4.13 Young powdery mildew les
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Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
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CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
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Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
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CHAPTER 8 - Sweetcorn Photo 8.1 Cor
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Photo 8.14 BMSB Adult (photo courte
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Photo 9.9 Cercospora leaf blight on
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
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106 Organic Resource Guide from tol
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Because university trials are often
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The spray deposit may only last for
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In Figure 1, “good control” mea
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FORMULATION AND APPLICATION GUIDELI
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A summary of university field trial
Page 125 and 126: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES: Available
Page 127 and 128: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
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Page 133 and 134: Chronic Toxicity: Vineyard sprayers
Page 135 and 136: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
Page 137 and 138: level of pest control is likely to
Page 139 and 140: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
Page 141 and 142: eetle in field trials; however, it
Page 143 and 144: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Neem (azadirach
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Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
Page 149 and 150: products. Best results were obtaine
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Page 153 and 154: Fish based oils Oleum Fish Oil (Ali
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Page 165 and 166: Pest Reduction Relative to Untreate
Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
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Page 173 and 174: Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Page 175: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
Page 179 and 180: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
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Page 183 and 184: Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
Page 185 and 186: Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
Page 187 and 188: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
Page 189 and 190: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
Page 191 and 192: Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
Page 193 and 194: APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
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Page 201 and 202: Inert ingredients are not necessari
Page 203 and 204: 196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
Page 205 and 206: Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
Page 207 and 208: Plant Management Network. A non-pro
Page 209: Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
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