Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

management. In some recent trials with the diamondback moth on cabbage, results indicated that about 20% of the field is required when using a trap crop (ESA 2003). 5. Fate of insects on trap crops: Unless the immature stages of the insect pest die before reaching the adult stage, insect pest movement from the trap crop to the cash crop is likely to occur later in the season; therefore, monitoring the trap crop regularly is important. Recent work has focused on finding what are termed “dead-end trap crops.” These plants are highly attractive for egg-laying, but larvae are not able to survive on them. For example, yellow rocket has been used as a trap crop for diamondback moth (Shelton & Nault 2004). In greenhouse trials, the egg laying preference for yellow rocket varied between 24-66 fold over cabbage, but no larvae were able to develop on yellow rocket. Trials are underway to determine the optimal spatial arrangement of the trap crop. RECENT STUDIES The number of practical trials of trap cropping has increased rapidly in recent years. Studies have analyzed different trap-cropping situations, such as early planting of single rows of trap crop potatoes between current and previous year fields for Colorado potato beetle control (Mishanec 2003) and perimeter trap cropping against pepper and cucurbit pests (Boucher 2003; Boucher & Durgy 2003). Results have been good on these crops in both university and grower trials, but these methods should be tested on commercial fields in order to assess any limitations. The cucurbit work for control of the striped cucumber beetle (SCB) is of particular interest. Trap crops of Blue Hubbard squash established around the full perimeter of either summer squash or cucumber fields have shown some success. Blue Hubbard squash is the preferred trap crop for SCB because it does not contribute to the spread of bacterial wilt. These highly attractive perimeter trap crops are then sprayed when SCB arrives, but interior crop plants are not. Crop plants have shown low pest damage even with no spray (Boucher 2003). These trials were carried out with conventional insecticides that are highly toxic to SCB, so the results may not fully transfer to organic management. While trap cropping has generated considerable interest in recent years, there have also been many disappointments. The use of trap crops may be limited in some crops because of the complexity of attempting to manage multiple pests with different behaviors. For example, the use of yellow rocket may provide good control of the diamondback moth but not the imported cabbageworm. Trap cropping should be investigated, however, as a component of an overall pest management program. A symposium at the annual meeting of the Entomology Society of America in 2003 highlighted some applications and provided new ideas about trap cropping that may be helpful to growers Although there are no hard and fast guidelines on how to use trap cropping effectively, growers should consider the five points mentioned above and then examine their particular farming situation carefully to determine whether trap cropping should be tested on their farm. Sharing experiences on trap cropping with other farmers should be part of an overall effort to increase the collective knowledge about the potential for trap cropping as part of an overall management plan. REFERENCES Boucher, T. J. (2003). Insect management update for peppers and eggplant. Proceedings, 2003 New England Vegetable and Berry Conference. Boucher, T. J. & Durgy, R. (2003). Perimeter trap cropping for summer squash and cucumbers. Proceedings, 2003 New England Vegetable and Berry Conference. ESA. (2003). Entomology Society of America Annual Meeting. Abstracts available at http://esa. confex.com/esa/2003/techprogram/session_1315.htm. Hokkanen, H. (1991). Trap cropping in pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 36, 119-138. Organic Resource Guide 191
192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec, J. (2003). Successful Trap Cropping for Colorado Potato Beetles. Proceedings, 2003 New England Vegetable and Fruit Conference. Shelton, A. M. & Badenes-Perez, F. R. (2006). Concept and applications of trap cropping in pest management. Annu. Rev. Entomol., 51, 285-308. Shelton, A. M. & Nault, B. A. (2004). Dead-end trap cropping: a technique to improve management of the diamondback moth. Crop Protection, 23, 497-503. Smith, C. M. (1989). Plant Resistance to Insects: a Fundamental Approach. Wiley, NY. 286.
Page 1 and 2:
RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
Page 3 and 4:
ii Organic Resource Guide
Page 5 and 6:
iv Organic Resource Guide
Page 7 and 8:
vi Organic Resource Guide
Page 9 and 10:
2 Organic Resource Guide bibliograp
Page 11 and 12:
ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
Page 13 and 14:
6 Organic Resource Guide tion becau
Page 15 and 16:
8 Organic Resource Guide to female
Page 17 and 18:
4. There is some varietal tolerance
Page 19 and 20:
Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
Page 21 and 22:
14 Organic Resource Guide Cultural
Page 23 and 24:
16 Organic Resource Guide REFERENCE
Page 25 and 26:
2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
Page 27 and 28:
CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
Page 29 and 30:
II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
Page 31 and 32:
Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
Page 37 and 38:
2. Legume cover crops are good host
Page 39 and 40:
Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
Page 41 and 42:
34 Organic Resource Guide Materials
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
PIPE and beginning applications bef
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
By the time injury to the plant is
Page 53 and 54:
Materials Approved for Organic Prod
Page 55 and 56:
lowing spores. If in contact with d
Page 57 and 58:
esistant varieties, there are still
Page 59 and 60:
52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
Page 61 and 62:
54 Organic Resource Guide 4. Manage
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
corn borer eggs. Usually, all of th
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Organic Insect and Disease Control
Page 81 and 82:
2. Crop rotation is recommended. 3.
Page 83 and 84:
soil either as pupae or larvae. In
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
CAVITY SPOT (Pythium sp.) Cavity sp
Page 89 and 90:
Photo 1.9 Botrytis porri on garlic.
Page 91 and 92:
CHAPTER 2 - Brassica Photo 2.1 Cabb
Page 93 and 94:
Photo 2.14 Alternaria leaf spot sym
Page 95 and 96:
CHAPTER 4 - Cucurbits Photo 4.1 Squ
Page 97 and 98:
Photo 4.13 Young powdery mildew les
Page 99 and 100:
Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
Page 101 and 102:
CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
Page 103 and 104:
Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
Page 105 and 106:
CHAPTER 8 - Sweetcorn Photo 8.1 Cor
Page 107 and 108:
Photo 8.14 BMSB Adult (photo courte
Page 109 and 110:
Photo 9.9 Cercospora leaf blight on
Page 111 and 112:
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
Page 113 and 114:
106 Organic Resource Guide from tol
Page 115 and 116:
Because university trials are often
Page 117 and 118:
The spray deposit may only last for
Page 119 and 120:
In Figure 1, “good control” mea
Page 121 and 122:
FORMULATION AND APPLICATION GUIDELI
Page 123 and 124:
A summary of university field trial
Page 125 and 126:
AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES: Available
Page 127 and 128:
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
Page 129 and 130:
14 Contans Efficacy Good Fair
Page 131 and 132:
Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (W Neud
Page 133 and 134:
Chronic Toxicity: Vineyard sprayers
Page 135 and 136:
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
Page 137 and 138:
level of pest control is likely to
Page 139 and 140:
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
Page 141 and 142:
eetle in field trials; however, it
Page 143 and 144:
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Neem (azadirach
Page 145 and 146:
OMRI LISTED (This is a partial list
Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
Page 149 and 150: products. Best results were obtaine
Page 151 and 152: 144 Organic Resource Guide use is t
Page 153 and 154: Fish based oils Oleum Fish Oil (Ali
Page 155 and 156: the individual species in a group,
Page 157 and 158: 150 Organic Resource Guide Hazzard,
Page 159 and 160: 152 Organic Resource Guide plant oi
Page 161 and 162: 154 Organic Resource Guide REFERENC
Page 163 and 164: 156 Organic Resource Guide spotted
Page 165 and 166: Pest Reduction Relative to Untreate
Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
Page 169 and 170: maternal mortality was seen at this
Page 171 and 172: 164 Organic Resource Guide accurate
Page 173 and 174: Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Page 175 and 176: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
Page 177 and 178: Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
Page 179 and 180: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
Page 181 and 182: 174 Organic Resource Guide FORMULAT
Page 183 and 184: Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
Page 185 and 186: Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
Page 187 and 188: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
Page 189 and 190: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
Page 191 and 192: Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
Page 193 and 194: APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
Page 197: APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
Page 201 and 202: Inert ingredients are not necessari
Page 203 and 204: 196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
Page 205 and 206: Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
Page 207 and 208: Plant Management Network. A non-pro
Page 209: Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
show all

Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?