Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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ut not copper, sulfur, or Bordeaux mixtures. Precipitation, curdling, uneven film formation, or changes in viscosity are signs of incompatibility (Engelhard 2001). Check nozzles frequently because they can become clogged when spraying or damaged by the abrasion of the mineral. In order to keep the material suspended in water, periodic shaking is recommended for a backpack sprayer, or for larger equipment, use of an automatic agitation mechanism is suggested. Efficacy is only achieved with thorough coverage. Care should be taken to cover the entire surface of the crop, and reapplication is needed after rainfall and during rapid plant growth. Hydraulic sprayers at full dilution apply a better coverage than mist blowers with concentrated sprays. REENTRY INTERVAL (REI) AND PRE-HARVEST INTERVAL (PHI): Four hour REI. May be applied up to the day of harvest. AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES: Kaolin clay is available from several mail-order suppliers as well as regional agricultural chemical suppliers in fruit regions. OMRI LISTED PRODUCTS: Surround WP, Engelhard Corporation. References to OMRI listed products in this Guide are based on the 2012 edition of the OMRI Product List. Please consult www.omri.org for changes and updates in the brand name product listings. CONCERNS: The white film, while non-toxic, may reduce marketability if not removed. It can be wiped or brushed and washed off after harvest. To avoid this post-harvest task, applications can be discontinued earlier to allow for natural weathering of the material. Care should be taken to protect workers from the dust generated during mixing and application. EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT: Effects of kaolin clay on the environment have not been assessed. Soil effects are likely to be similar to natural kaolin clay in the soil. Since Surround is applied at high concentrations, beneficial insects that come into contact with the direct spray would likely be affected, but to a lesser extent once the material dries on the plant. EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH: Inhalation of dust can cause lung damage. Use a respirator when handling. The LD50 is above 5000 mg/kg (Engelhard Corp 2003). TYPES OF PESTS IT CONTROLS: Surround has been shown to be effective against several orchard pests, including apple maggot, white apple leafhopper, and pear psylla (Heacox 1999). It generally gives at least fair control of plum curculio and several species of fruit pest caterpillars (codling moth, oriental fruit moth, tufted apple bud moth, lesser appleworm). However, university trials also show that heavy use is harmful to beneficial species and can lead to a flare up of European red mites or San Jose scale. Surround has shown potential against pepper weevil, cabbage aphid, and onion thrips on vegetables in field trials, though more research is needed. In a lab trial against onion thrips, Surround significantly reduced oviposition and hatch rate, increased larval mortality, and decreased feeding (Larentzaki et al. 2008). In a corresponding field study, Surround delayed colonization on plants (Larentzaki et al. 2008). It has been effective against flea beetles in the lab but has not had as much success in the field. It has shown some repellancy against the silverleaf whitefly in the lab (Liang and Liu 2002). Surround has shown inconsistent results against the striped cucumber Organic Resource Guide 133
eetle in field trials; however, it was applied on a weekly basis in these trials. Some growers have reported better results against the cucumber beetle when Surround is used twice weekly when plants are small and more susceptible to damage from this pest. An experimental kaolin product has also given good control of grape and cucurbit powdery mildew and brown rot in peaches in controlled trials. This product is not currently available commercially. Surround Efficacy: Insect Pests of Apple 6 Good Fair Poor Number of Trials 5 4 3 2 1 0 Apple maggot Caterpillars* Dogwood borer Pest mites Mullein plant bug Oblique banded leafroller Plum curculio Potato leaCopper Rosy apple aphid San Jose scale Spirea aphid Leafminer spp. Tarnished plant bug White apple leaCopper Pest *Codling moth, oriental fruit moth, tufted apple bud moth, lesser appleworm Figure 1. Efficacy of Surround against insect pests of apple. Surround Efficacy: Various Insect Pests 5 Good Fair Poor 4 Number of Trials 3 2 1 0 Pest 134 Organic Resource Guide Figure 2. Efficacy of Surround against insect pests of crops other than apple.
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RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
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ii Organic Resource Guide
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iv Organic Resource Guide
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vi Organic Resource Guide
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2 Organic Resource Guide bibliograp
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ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
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6 Organic Resource Guide tion becau
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8 Organic Resource Guide to female
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4. There is some varietal tolerance
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Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
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14 Organic Resource Guide Cultural
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16 Organic Resource Guide REFERENCE
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2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
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CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
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II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
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Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
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Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
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2. Legume cover crops are good host
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Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
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34 Organic Resource Guide Materials
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PIPE and beginning applications bef
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By the time injury to the plant is
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Materials Approved for Organic Prod
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lowing spores. If in contact with d
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esistant varieties, there are still
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52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
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54 Organic Resource Guide 4. Manage
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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
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corn borer eggs. Usually, all of th
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Organic Insect and Disease Control
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2. Crop rotation is recommended. 3.
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soil either as pupae or larvae. In
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CAVITY SPOT (Pythium sp.) Cavity sp
Page 89 and 90: Photo 1.9 Botrytis porri on garlic.
Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER 2 - Brassica Photo 2.1 Cabb
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Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 - Cucurbits Photo 4.1 Squ
Page 97 and 98: Photo 4.13 Young powdery mildew les
Page 99 and 100: Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
Page 103 and 104: Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 8 - Sweetcorn Photo 8.1 Cor
Page 107 and 108: Photo 8.14 BMSB Adult (photo courte
Page 109 and 110: Photo 9.9 Cercospora leaf blight on
Page 111 and 112: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
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Page 115 and 116: Because university trials are often
Page 117 and 118: The spray deposit may only last for
Page 119 and 120: In Figure 1, “good control” mea
Page 121 and 122: FORMULATION AND APPLICATION GUIDELI
Page 123 and 124: A summary of university field trial
Page 125 and 126: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES: Available
Page 127 and 128: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
Page 129 and 130: 14 Contans Efficacy Good Fair
Page 131 and 132: Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (W Neud
Page 133 and 134: Chronic Toxicity: Vineyard sprayers
Page 135 and 136: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
Page 137 and 138: level of pest control is likely to
Page 139: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
Page 143 and 144: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Neem (azadirach
Page 145 and 146: OMRI LISTED (This is a partial list
Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
Page 149 and 150: products. Best results were obtaine
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Page 153 and 154: Fish based oils Oleum Fish Oil (Ali
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Page 165 and 166: Pest Reduction Relative to Untreate
Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
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Page 171 and 172: 164 Organic Resource Guide accurate
Page 173 and 174: Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Page 175 and 176: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
Page 177 and 178: Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
Page 179 and 180: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
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Page 183 and 184: Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
Page 185 and 186: Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
Page 187 and 188: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
Page 189 and 190: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
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Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
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APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
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APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
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APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
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192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec
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Inert ingredients are not necessari
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196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
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Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
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Plant Management Network. A non-pro
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Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
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