Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

REFERENCES BioSafe Systems. (n.d.). Oxidate label. Human and Environmenal Risk Assessment on ingredients of household cleaning products. (2005). Hydrogen peroxide CAS No. 7722-84-1. Edition 1.0 April 2005. Patnaik, P. (2003). Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, New York. Available from http://www.knovel.com/web/portal/browse/display?_EXT_KNOVEL_DISPLAY_ bookid=688&VerticalID=0 NOP. (2000). USDA National Organic Program regulations, 7CFR 205.206(d)(2), 205.601(c)(1), 206.601(i)(8). Retrieved from http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop. US EPA. (2011). Hydrogen peroxide (Hydrogen dioxide) (000595) Fact Sheet. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/oppbppd1/biopesticides/ingredients/factsheets/factsheet_000595.htm. Last updated 2/16/11. Organic Resource Guide 131
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132 Organic Resource Guide MATERIAL NAME: Kaolin clay MATERIAL TYPE: Mineral particle film. U.S. EPA TOXICITY CATEGORY: Category III, “Caution” USDA-NOP: Considered non-synthetic, allowed. Pests may be controlled through mechanical and physical methods, including non-synthetic controls such as repellants. Diseases may be controlled through application of biological, botanical, or non-synthetic mineral inputs (NOP 2000). ACTIVE INGREDIENT DESCRIPTION: Kaolin is a naturally occurring clay that results from weathering of aluminous minerals, such as feldspar, with kaolinite as its principal constituent (ATTRA 2004). Kaolin is a common mineral, “generally regarded as safe” (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. It is used as an anti-caking agent in processed foods and an additive to cosmetics, toiletries, and health products. It is also used as an “inert” carrier in some pesticides and enhances the performance of some microbial products (Rasad & Rangeshwaran 2000). For application as a plant protectant, kaolin is ground and processed to reach a uniform particle size. Applied in suspension in water, kaolin produces a dry white film layer of interlocking, microscopic particles on the surface of leaves, stems, and fruit after evaporation of the water. HOW IT WORKS: This material has several modes of activity (Stanley 1998). Kaolin acts as a physical barrier, preventing insects from reaching vulnerable plant tissue, and it acts as a repellent by creating an unsuitable surface for feeding or egg-laying. The uniform white film may also disrupt the insect’s host-finding capability by masking the color of the plant tissue. Furthermore, particles of kaolin act as an irritant to the insect. After landing on a treated surface, particles of kaolin break off and attach to the insect’s body, triggering an excessive grooming response that distracts the pest. Kaolin formulations have also been shown to suppress diseases in greenhouse and field studies (Haggag 2002; Puterka et al. 2000; Glenn et al. 1999) and to kill insects in stored grain (Mostafa and Al Moajel 1991). Labeled products for these purposes are not currently available in the US. The use of Surround (a trade name for kaolin clay) can increase overall fruit yields in regions with high light and temperature levels (Puterka et al. 2000). In these situations, it can act as an anti-transpirant, reducing stress on the plant. Surround has caused both yield increases and decreases in vegetable trials (Maletta, personal communication). In eggplant, it reduced marketable yields and plant growth, while in potato it increased yields of ‘Superior’ but not ‘Norland’ variety, even though it had no effect on potato leafhopper levels. FORMULATION AND APPLICATION GUIDELINES: Kaolin clay is available as a wettable powder to be mixed with water. Application can be made with most commercially available spray equipment, but large amounts of water are required. To prevent caking, it is suggested that the material either be added during mechanical agitation or to first completely mix the necessary amount in a small amount of water before filling up the tank to the recommended volume. It may be tank mixed with soaps and most pesticides,
Page 1 and 2:
RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
Page 3 and 4:
ii Organic Resource Guide
Page 5 and 6:
iv Organic Resource Guide
Page 7 and 8:
vi Organic Resource Guide
Page 9 and 10:
2 Organic Resource Guide bibliograp
Page 11 and 12:
ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
Page 13 and 14:
6 Organic Resource Guide tion becau
Page 15 and 16:
8 Organic Resource Guide to female
Page 17 and 18:
4. There is some varietal tolerance
Page 19 and 20:
Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
Page 21 and 22:
14 Organic Resource Guide Cultural
Page 23 and 24:
16 Organic Resource Guide REFERENCE
Page 25 and 26:
2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
Page 27 and 28:
CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
Page 29 and 30:
II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
Page 31 and 32:
Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
Page 37 and 38:
2. Legume cover crops are good host
Page 39 and 40:
Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
Page 41 and 42:
34 Organic Resource Guide Materials
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
PIPE and beginning applications bef
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
By the time injury to the plant is
Page 53 and 54:
Materials Approved for Organic Prod
Page 55 and 56:
lowing spores. If in contact with d
Page 57 and 58:
esistant varieties, there are still
Page 59 and 60:
52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
Page 61 and 62:
54 Organic Resource Guide 4. Manage
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
corn borer eggs. Usually, all of th
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Organic Insect and Disease Control
Page 81 and 82:
2. Crop rotation is recommended. 3.
Page 83 and 84:
soil either as pupae or larvae. In
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88: CAVITY SPOT (Pythium sp.) Cavity sp
Page 89 and 90: Photo 1.9 Botrytis porri on garlic.
Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER 2 - Brassica Photo 2.1 Cabb
Page 93 and 94: Photo 2.14 Alternaria leaf spot sym
Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 - Cucurbits Photo 4.1 Squ
Page 97 and 98: Photo 4.13 Young powdery mildew les
Page 99 and 100: Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
Page 103 and 104: Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 8 - Sweetcorn Photo 8.1 Cor
Page 107 and 108: Photo 8.14 BMSB Adult (photo courte
Page 109 and 110: Photo 9.9 Cercospora leaf blight on
Page 111 and 112: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
Page 113 and 114: 106 Organic Resource Guide from tol
Page 115 and 116: Because university trials are often
Page 117 and 118: The spray deposit may only last for
Page 119 and 120: In Figure 1, “good control” mea
Page 121 and 122: FORMULATION AND APPLICATION GUIDELI
Page 123 and 124: A summary of university field trial
Page 125 and 126: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES: Available
Page 127 and 128: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
Page 129 and 130: 14 Contans Efficacy Good Fair
Page 131 and 132: Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (W Neud
Page 133 and 134: Chronic Toxicity: Vineyard sprayers
Page 135 and 136: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
Page 137: level of pest control is likely to
Page 141 and 142: eetle in field trials; however, it
Page 143 and 144: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Neem (azadirach
Page 145 and 146: OMRI LISTED (This is a partial list
Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
Page 149 and 150: products. Best results were obtaine
Page 151 and 152: 144 Organic Resource Guide use is t
Page 153 and 154: Fish based oils Oleum Fish Oil (Ali
Page 155 and 156: the individual species in a group,
Page 157 and 158: 150 Organic Resource Guide Hazzard,
Page 159 and 160: 152 Organic Resource Guide plant oi
Page 161 and 162: 154 Organic Resource Guide REFERENC
Page 163 and 164: 156 Organic Resource Guide spotted
Page 165 and 166: Pest Reduction Relative to Untreate
Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
Page 169 and 170: maternal mortality was seen at this
Page 171 and 172: 164 Organic Resource Guide accurate
Page 173 and 174: Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Page 175 and 176: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
Page 177 and 178: Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
Page 179 and 180: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
Page 181 and 182: 174 Organic Resource Guide FORMULAT
Page 183 and 184: Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
Page 185 and 186: Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
Page 187 and 188: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
Page 189 and 190:
AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
Page 191 and 192:
Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
Page 193 and 194:
APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
Page 195 and 196:
APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
Page 197 and 198:
APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
Page 199 and 200:
192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec
Page 201 and 202:
Inert ingredients are not necessari
Page 203 and 204:
196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
Page 205 and 206:
Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
Page 207 and 208:
Plant Management Network. A non-pro
Page 209:
Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
show all

Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?