Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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TYPES OF PESTS IT CONTROLS* ELEMENTAL SULFUR (Foliar application) Diseases Apple scab Bean rust Brown rot of stone fruits Cherry leaf spot Peanut rust Pear scab Powdery mildews of many crops Rusts Scab of peach Mites and Insects Spider mites on many vegetable and fruit crops Tomato russet mite Broad mite Thrips on citrus ELEMENTAL SULFUR (Soil application) Potato scab Sweet potato scab Rhizoctonia (potato and beet) LIME SULFUR DORMANT APPLICATION Diseases Coryneum (shothole blight) blight of stone fruits Peach leaf curl Mites and Insects Overwintering aphid eggs Blister mite Brown mite European red mite on pome fruits Mealy bug Pear psylla Rust mite San Jose scale LIME SULFUR POST-DORMANT OR FOLIAR APPLICATION Diseases Apple scab Anthracnose cane blight (brambles and grapes) Sooty blotch on apple Brooks leaf spot (apple) Phomopsis cane and twig blight (grape) Powdery mildew (many crops) Mites and Insects Rust mite Blister mite Brown mite *Check individual product labels for specific pests. Organic Resource Guide 173
174 Organic Resource Guide FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION GUIDELINES Formulations of elemental sulfur include dry flowable, water-dispersible granules, soluble concentrates, and wettable powders. Smaller sulfur particles have been shown to be more toxic to fungi in numerous trials (summarized in Horsfall 1956) and to better adhere to leaf surfaces (Feichtmeyer 1949). Finely ground sulfur for dusting is made flowable by the addition of clay, talc, gypsum, or other materials. Micronized sulfur is ground to especially fine particles (4-5 microns). Colloidal sulfurs are even smaller particles produced by several possible methods, including acidifying lime sulfur solutions. Flowable sulfur is a microfine sulfur formulated in an aqueous suspension. Elemental sulfur may cause phytotoxicity at high temperatures; it should not be used if temperatures are forecasted to be above 90° F within three days following application. It should not be applied within two weeks of an oil application. It may cause toxicity in sensitive plants, including some varieties of grapes; apples and pears; cranberries; apricots; certain varieties of cucurbits, particularly melons; filberts; and spinach. Test a few plants of each cultivar in sensitive families before applying sulfur to the entire crop. Sulfur dust suspended in air ignites easily. Keep away from heat, sparks, and flame. Do not smoke while applying. Elemental sulfur is also formulated with other pest management materials, namely Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) and fixed coppers. These formulations have generally not been tested in university trials and are not included in the efficacy information supplied below. Lime sulfur is a liquid. It has a strong potential for phytotoxicity. It is used as a dormant application to fruit trees to control fungal and bacterial pathogens, mites, and scale insects. During the growing season, it is also used at lower rates to control several fungal pathogens. It can be used as a spray crop thinner in apples during and shortly after bloom, usually in conjunction with oil. With this usage, lime sulfur’s phytotoxic effect reduces photosynthesis and stresses the trees, resulting in the abscission of some fruitlets (Schupp et al. 2006). CROPS AND VARIETIES THAT MAY BE INJURED BY SULFUR D’Anjou pears Comice pears MacIntosh apple Jonathan apple Golden Delicious apple Concord grape and some other labrusca varieties cranberries apricots certain varieties of cucurbits, particularly melons certain varieties of beans filberts spinach OMRI LISTED PRODUCTS Elemental Sulfur BT 320 Sulfur 25 Dust (Wilbur-Ellis Company) Cosavet DF (Sulfur Mills, Ltd) CSC Copper Sulfur Dust Fungicide (Martin Operating Partnerships, LP) CSC Dusting Sulfur (Martin Operating Partnerships, LP) Dusting sulfur (Wilbur-Ellis Company) Dusting Sulfur Fungicide-Insecticide (Loveland Products, Inc.) Golden Micronized Sulfur (Wilbur-Ellis Company) IAP Dusting Sulfur (Independent Agribusiness Professionals) Integro Magnetic Sulfur Dust (Integro, Inc.) Kumulus DF (Arysta LifeScience North America Corporation and BASF Sparks, LLC)
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RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
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ii Organic Resource Guide
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iv Organic Resource Guide
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2 Organic Resource Guide bibliograp
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ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
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6 Organic Resource Guide tion becau
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8 Organic Resource Guide to female
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4. There is some varietal tolerance
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Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
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14 Organic Resource Guide Cultural
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16 Organic Resource Guide REFERENCE
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2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
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CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
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II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
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Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
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Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
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2. Legume cover crops are good host
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Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
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34 Organic Resource Guide Materials
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PIPE and beginning applications bef
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By the time injury to the plant is
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Materials Approved for Organic Prod
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lowing spores. If in contact with d
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esistant varieties, there are still
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52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
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54 Organic Resource Guide 4. Manage
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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
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corn borer eggs. Usually, all of th
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Organic Insect and Disease Control
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2. Crop rotation is recommended. 3.
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soil either as pupae or larvae. In
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CAVITY SPOT (Pythium sp.) Cavity sp
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Photo 1.9 Botrytis porri on garlic.
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CHAPTER 2 - Brassica Photo 2.1 Cabb
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Photo 2.14 Alternaria leaf spot sym
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CHAPTER 4 - Cucurbits Photo 4.1 Squ
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Photo 4.13 Young powdery mildew les
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Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
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CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
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Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
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CHAPTER 8 - Sweetcorn Photo 8.1 Cor
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Photo 8.14 BMSB Adult (photo courte
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Photo 9.9 Cercospora leaf blight on
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
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106 Organic Resource Guide from tol
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Because university trials are often
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The spray deposit may only last for
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In Figure 1, “good control” mea
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FORMULATION AND APPLICATION GUIDELI
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A summary of university field trial
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AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES: Available
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium mi
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Page 131 and 132: Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (W Neud
Page 133 and 134: Chronic Toxicity: Vineyard sprayers
Page 135 and 136: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
Page 137 and 138: level of pest control is likely to
Page 139 and 140: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
Page 141 and 142: eetle in field trials; however, it
Page 143 and 144: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Neem (azadirach
Page 145 and 146: OMRI LISTED (This is a partial list
Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
Page 149 and 150: products. Best results were obtaine
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Page 153 and 154: Fish based oils Oleum Fish Oil (Ali
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Page 159 and 160: 152 Organic Resource Guide plant oi
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Page 165 and 166: Pest Reduction Relative to Untreate
Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
Page 169 and 170: maternal mortality was seen at this
Page 171 and 172: 164 Organic Resource Guide accurate
Page 173 and 174: Striped and Spotted Cucumber Beetle
Page 175 and 176: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
Page 177 and 178: Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
Page 179: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
Page 183 and 184: Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
Page 185 and 186: Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
Page 187 and 188: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
Page 189 and 190: AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
Page 191 and 192: Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
Page 193 and 194: APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
Page 195 and 196: APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
Page 197 and 198: APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
Page 199 and 200: 192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec
Page 201 and 202: Inert ingredients are not necessari
Page 203 and 204: 196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
Page 205 and 206: Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
Page 207 and 208: Plant Management Network. A non-pro
Page 209: Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
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Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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