Resource Guide for Organic Insect and Disease ... - Cornell University

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3 Bicarbonate Efficacy: Other Diseases Good Fair Poor Number of Trials 2 1 0 Apple -‐ sooty blotch Blueberry -‐ Anthracnose Blueberry -‐ mummyberry Blueberry -‐ Phomopsis Cherry -‐ brown rot Cherry -‐ leaf spot Grape -‐ black rot Grape -‐ Botry?s Grape -‐ downy mildew Grape -‐ Phomopsis Grape -‐ overall disease Potato -‐ late blight Crop -‐ Pest Pumpkin -‐ downy mildew Squash -‐ Phythopthora Strawberry -‐ Botry?s Strawberry -‐ leaf spot Strawberry -‐ Phomopsis Tomato -‐ early blight Figure 2. Efficacy of bicarbonates against diseases other than powdery mildew. Bicarbonate products give at least partial control of many powdery mildew diseases (Fig. 1). Powdery mildews have a more superficial nature on the plant surface that may allow more contact with the product. Many other diseases do not appear to be affected by bicarbonate products, perhaps because they penetrate deeper into plant tissues. In some studies, however, potassium bicarbonate has given good control of diseases such as black rot and Phomopsis on grapes and strawberry leaf spot (Fig. 2). Among the 68 trials reviewed for this fact sheet, bicarbonate products gave only poor results against some diseases. These included anthracnose and Phomopsis on blueberry, brown rot and leaf spot on cherry, Botrytis on grapes and strawberries, potato late blight, downy mildew on pumpkins, Phytophthora on squash, and powdery mildew on strawberry. REFERENCES Hottes, A. C. (1933). A Little Book of Climbing Plants. A.T. De La Mare Co., New York. Kuepper, G., Thomas, R., & Earles, R. (2001). Use of Baking Soda as a Fungicide. Appropriate Technology Transfer to Rural Areas (ATTRA). Retrieved from http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/ bakingsoda.html. Labels 2004: Kaligreen and Armicarb labels retrieved from: http://www.cdms.net/manuf/ default.asp. Milstop label retrieved from: http://www.bioworksinc.com/. NOP. (2000). USDA National Organic Program regulations, 7CFR 205.206(d)(2), 205.601(c)(1), 206.601(i)(8). Retrieved from http://www.ams.usda.gov/nop. Williams, G. & Williams, P. (1993). Baking soda vs. powdery mildew: Not a new idea! HortIdeas. June, 62. Ziv, O. & Zitter, T. A. (1992). Effects of bicarbonates and film-forming polymers on cucurbit foliar diseases. Plant Disease, 26(5), 513-517. Organic Resource Guide 119
MATERIAL FACT SHEET Coniothyrium minitans MATERIAL NAME: Coniothyrium minitans MATERIAL TYPE: Microbial U.S. EPA TOXICITY CATEGORY: III, “Caution” USDA-NOP: Considered non-synthetic, allowed. Preventive, cultural, mechanical, and physical methods must be first choice for pest control, and conditions for use of a biological material must be documented in the organic system plan (NOP 2000). MATERIAL DESCRIPTION: Coniothyrium minitans is a fungus that can be utilized as a biological control against the fungal pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotinia minor (causal agents of white mold on many plant species). First identified in 1947, C. minitans is naturally occurring and can be found in soils worldwide. (Pavlitz & Belanger 2001). This biocontrol fungus is sold as conidia (spores), which are dried and mixed with glucose. The product is then mixed with water and sprayed onto the soil (Fravel 1999). HOW IT WORKS: C. minitans attacks and destroys the sclerotia (overwintering structures) of S. sclerotiorum and S. minor in the soil (Kuepper 2001). Normally these sclerotia will germinate in the spring and summer, producing spores that infect many crops. If C. minitans is applied either just after harvest in the fall or in early spring, many of the sclerotia will be destroyed. There is currently only one strain of C. minitans (CON/M/91-08) labeled for use as a biological control. This product is sold under the trade name Contans. TYPES OF PESTS IT CONTROLS: C. minitans controls only two pests; S. sclerotiorum and S.minor. These sclerotinia pathogens have a wide host range of several hundred species of plants, including many vegetables and ornamentals. They commonly cause white mold on cole crops and beans and are occasionally found on tomatoes and peppers. Additionally, they cause leaf drop on lettuce and white mold in carrots, especially in storage. FORMULATIONS AND APPLICATION GUIDELINES: Contans is sold as a water dispersible granule that is applied directly to the soil surface. Thorough and uniform coverage it is necessary for effective treatment. Following application and before planting, the fungal spores must be incorporated into the top one to two inches of soil. To avoid unearthing new sclerotia, the soil should not be disturbed below the treatment depth. This incorporation can be done by water (rainfall or irrigation) or cultivation. Contans can also be applied to plant debris in the fall after harvest. The shelf life of dried conidia is greater than 6 months. The manufacturer states that after 18 months, the activity is reduced by 25%. Contans is harmful if swallowed, absorbed through skin, or inhaled. The label requires applicators to wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, waterproof gloves, shoes, and socks. Additionally, all mixers, loaders, and applicators must wear dust/mist-filtering respirators. 120 Organic Resource Guide
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RESOURCE GUIDE FOR ORGANIC INSECT A
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ORGANIC INSECT AND DISEASE CONTROL
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6 Organic Resource Guide tion becau
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8 Organic Resource Guide to female
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4. There is some varietal tolerance
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Cultural Control: 1. Use clean garl
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14 Organic Resource Guide Cultural
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16 Organic Resource Guide REFERENCE
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2. Rotenone is recommended in the o
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CRUCIFER (Phyllotreta cruciferae) a
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II. DISEASE CONTROL________________
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Cultural Control: 1. Maintain soil
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Cultural Control: 1. Destroying cro
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2. Legume cover crops are good host
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Cultural Control: Maintain recommen
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34 Organic Resource Guide Materials
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PIPE and beginning applications bef
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By the time injury to the plant is
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Materials Approved for Organic Prod
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lowing spores. If in contact with d
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esistant varieties, there are still
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52 Organic Resource Guide 2. Sluggo
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54 Organic Resource Guide 4. Manage
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EUROPEAN CORN BORER (Ostrinia nubil
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Page 89 and 90: Photo 1.9 Botrytis porri on garlic.
Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER 2 - Brassica Photo 2.1 Cabb
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Page 95 and 96: CHAPTER 4 - Cucurbits Photo 4.1 Squ
Page 97 and 98: Photo 4.13 Young powdery mildew les
Page 99 and 100: Photo 5.12 Anthracnose on bean (cou
Page 101 and 102: CHAPTER 7 - Solanaceous Photo 7.5 C
Page 103 and 104: Photo 7.17 Black scurf of potato (r
Page 105 and 106: CHAPTER 8 - Sweetcorn Photo 8.1 Cor
Page 107 and 108: Photo 8.14 BMSB Adult (photo courte
Page 109 and 110: Photo 9.9 Cercospora leaf blight on
Page 111 and 112: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Bacillus subtil
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Page 115 and 116: Because university trials are often
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Page 119 and 120: In Figure 1, “good control” mea
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Page 123 and 124: A summary of university field trial
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Page 131 and 132: Cueva Fungicide Concentrate (W Neud
Page 133 and 134: Chronic Toxicity: Vineyard sprayers
Page 135 and 136: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Hydrogen Peroxi
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Page 139 and 140: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Kaolin clay 132
Page 141 and 142: eetle in field trials; however, it
Page 143 and 144: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Neem (azadirach
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Page 147 and 148: Other: There is one study showing f
Page 149 and 150: products. Best results were obtaine
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Page 153 and 154: Fish based oils Oleum Fish Oil (Ali
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Page 167 and 168: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Rotenone MATERI
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Page 175 and 176: MATERIAL FACT SHEET Streptomyces ly
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Streptomyces lydicus Efficacy: Vege
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Sulfur MATERIAL
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174 Organic Resource Guide FORMULAT
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Bernard et al (2010) found minor de
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Efficacy of Elemental Sulfur Ag
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MATERIAL FACT SHEET Trichoderma and
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AVAILABILITY AND SOURCES Products v
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Trichoderma atroviridae Efficacy
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APPENDIX A Plant Resistance to Inse
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APPENDIX B Habitats for Beneficial
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APPENDIX C Trap Cropping and Insect
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192 Organic Resource Guide Michanec
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Inert ingredients are not necessari
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196 Organic Resource Guide RESOURCE
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Occurrence Cultural 1=sporadic, con
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Plant Management Network. A non-pro
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Nu Cop® 50 WP Ortho® elementals G
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