18WuD2x

electrophorus • electrostatic field 251
off, often with a sharp spark, but the positive
charge remains.
electrophotographic process See XEROGRAPHY.
electrophotography The production of photographs
by means of electricity. See XEROGRAPHY.
electrophotometer A light-intensity meter using a
photoelectric sensor and a meter, but usually not
incorporating an amplifier. Compare ELEC-
TRONIC PHOTOMETER.
electrophrenic respiration A system of inducing
respiration in which one or both of the phrenic
nerves (i.e., of the diaphragm) are stimulated
electrically to produce contractions of the diaphragm
muscles.
electrophysiology 1. The study of electrical processes
in the human body. 2. The study of how
electrical impulses affect, and are produced by,
body organs.
electroplaques In electric fish, small voltagegenerating
cells that are connected in seriesparallel
networks.
electroplate 1. To cause one metallic substance to
adhere to the surface of another through the effects
of electrolysis. 2. A metal plating deposited
via electrolysis.
electroplating Depositing one metal on the surface
of another by electrolytic action.
electropolar Having electrical polarity (either positive
or negative).
electropolishing An electrolytic method of
smoothing a rough metal surface. The workpiece
to be polished becomes the anode of an electrolytic
cell in which electrolytic action dissolves
tiny surface irregularities.
electropositive Having positive electrification or
polarity. Compare ELECTRONEGATIVE.
electropotential series See ELECTROMOTIVE
SERIES.
electropsychrometer An electronic instrument for
humidity measurements.
electroreduction In electrolysis, reduction of the
cathode electrode.
electrorefining The refining of metals by means of
electrolysis.
electroretinograph An instrument used to measure
the electrical response of the human retina
to light.
electroretinography The process of detecting and
measuring electrical impulses from the retina.
electroscope An instrument for detecting electric
charges and fields. The common type uses a pair
of gold-leaf strips hung from the end of a metal
rod in a glass tube or jar. When the exposed end
of the rod is brought near a charged object, the
leaves repel each other and spread apart.
electrosection The use of an arc-generating device
for making surgical incisions.
electrosensitive recording See ELECTRIC RE-
CORDING.
electroshock 1. The system of creating a controlled
electric shock in the brain as a treatment
for certain mental disorders. 2. The electric shock
used in the therapy described in 1.
electrospinograph An instrument that senses and
records electrical impulses from the spinal cord.
electrostatic Pertaining to stationary electric
charges and fields, and their application.
electrostatic actuator A device for measuring the
sensitivity of a microphone. Electrostatic charges
produce forces on the diaphragm of the microphone,
and the resulting output is recorded.
electrostatic amplifier See DIELECTRIC AMPLI-
FIER.
electrostatic charge See ELECTRIC CHARGE.
electrostatic component The electric component
of an electromagnetic wave. It is perpendicular to
the magnetic component and can be thought of
as the wave’s voltage component.
electrostatic constant See ELECTRIC CON-
STANT.
electrostatic convergence See ELECTROSTATIC
FOCUSING.
electrostatic cooling Accelerated cooling of a body
through the application of an intense electrostatic
field. The body must be in a free convection
state, a corona discharge must be present, and
the field must not be uniform.
electrostatic copier A document-copying apparatus
that uses electrostatic effects to reproduce
printed material.
electrostatic coupling See CAPACITANCE COU-
PLING.
electrostatic deflection In a cathode-ray tube,
deflection of the electron beam by the electrostatic
fields between pairs of internal horizontal
and vertical deflecting plates. It is primarily used
in laboratory oscilloscopes. Compare ELECTRO-
MAGNETIC DEFLECTION.
+150 V
−150 V
electrostatic deflection
Electron
stream
Lines of
flux
electrostatic electrometer See KELVIN ABSO-
LUTE ELECTROMETER.
electrostatic electrophotography See XEROG-
RAPHY.
electrostatic energy The potential energy contained
in an electrostatic field (e.g., the energy in
a charged capacitor). Compare ELECTROKI-
NETIC ENERGY.
electrostatic field A stationary electric field.