18WuD2x

454 modulator-demodulator • molecular conductance
biased diode or diode bridge, that can perform either
modulation or demodulation.
modulator driver An amplifier stage that delivers
excitation current, voltage, or power to a modulator
stage.
module An assembly containing a complete selfcontained
circuit (or subcircuit), often miniaturized
and made for plug-in operation.
modulometer Any instrument, such as a percentage-modulation
meter, used to measure the degree
of modulation of a signal. Often, it can also
measure other signal characteristics (e.g., carrier
shift, extraneous amplitude modulation, and extraneous
frequency modulation).
modulo n check In computer operations, a technique
for verifying the validity of a number used
as an operand. The number being so checked is
divided by another number to provide a remainder
(check digit) that goes with the number. After
the number is, for example, transmitted through
some part of a computer system, it is again divided
by the original divisor, and if the remainder
is the check digit, the data has retained its integrity.
modulus 1. Absolute magnitude. Also see ABSO-
LUTE VALUE and IMPEDANCE. 2. Abbreviation,
mod. In computer operations, a whole number
that indicates the number of states a counter sequences
through in each cycle. 3. Abbreviation,
mod. A number (constant or coefficient) expressing
the degree to which some property is possessed
by a material or body (e.g., modulus of
elasticity, shear modulus, and bulk modulus). 4. A
constant by which a logarithm to one base must
be multiplied to obtain a logarithm of the same
number to another base.
modulus of elasticity The stress-to-strain ratio in
a material under elastic deformation.
moire In a television or facsimile picture, an effect
produced by the convergence of straight lines.
When the lines are nearly parallel to the scanning
lines, the converging lines appear irregular.
moisture meter See ELECTRIC HYGROMETER
and ELECTRONIC HYGROMETER.
mol Abbreviation of MOLE.
molar conductance See MOLECULAR CONDUC-
TANCE.
molar polarization Any molecule in an electric
field undergoes a small displacement of the positive
and negative electrical centers. This results
in an electric dipole.
molar solution A solution, such as an electrolyte,
containing 1 mol of solute per liter of solvent.
Compare NORMAL SOLUTION.
mold 1. To form matter into a desired shape, as by
pouring liquefied material into a container or liquefying
the material in the container, then allowing
the liquid material to solidify. In hot molding,
the material is melted in the container and then
cooled to hardness; in cold molding, the material
is shaped without heat and it solidifies with time.
2. The hollow container used to shape a material,
as in 1.
molded capacitor A capacitor that is molded into
a protective body of insulating material. Also see
MOLD, 1, 2 and MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded ceramic capacitor A ceramic-dielectric
capacitor enclosed in a molded housing. Also
see MOLD, 1, 2; MOLDED CAPACITOR; and
MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded coil See MOLDED INDUCTOR.
molded component A part (such as a capacitor,
coil, or resistor) that is completely enclosed in a
protective material (such as a plastic) that is
molded around it. Also see MOLD, 1, 2.
molded electrolytic capacitor A solid-dielectric
electrolytic capacitor enclosed in a molded housing.
Also see MOLD, 1, 2; MOLDED CAPACI-
TOR; MOLDED COMPONENT; and SOLID-
ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR.
molded glass capacitor A glassplate-dielectric capacitor
enclosed in a molded glass housing. Also
see GLASS CAPACITOR; MOLD, 1, 2; MOLDED
CAPACITOR; and MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded inductor An inductor that is molded into a
protective housing of insulating material. Also see
MOLD, 1, 2 and MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded mica capacitor A mica-dielectric capacitor
enclosed in a molded housing. Also see MICA
CAPACITOR; MOLD, 1, 2; MOLDED CAPACITOR;
and MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded mud A molding compound that has inferior
electrical characteristics. Also see MOLD, 1,
2 and MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded paper capacitor A paper-dielectric capacitor
enclosed in a molded housing. Also see
MOLD, 1, 2; MOLDED CAPACITOR; MOLDED
COMPONENT; and PAPER CAPACITOR.
molded porcelain capacitor A capacitor enclosed
in a body of molded porcelain. Also see MOLD, 1,
2; MOLDED CAPACITOR; MOLDED COMPO-
NENT; and PORCELAIN.
molded resistor A resistor that is molded in a protective
housing of insulating material. Also see
MOLD, 1, 2 and MOLDED COMPONENT.
molded transistor A transistor that is encapsulated
in a protective molding compound, such as
epoxy resin. Also see MOLD, 1, 2 and MOLDED
COMPONENT.
mole Abbreviation, mol. 1. The amount of substance
in a system containing as many specified
entities (atoms, molecules, ions, subatomic particles,
or groups of such particles) as there are
atoms in 12 grams of carbon 12. 2. It is also
called the Avogadro constant. A unit of quantity
in chemistry, equal to approximately 6.022 ×
10 23 .
molectronics See MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS.
molecular circuit See MONOLITHIC INTE-
GRATED CIRCUIT.
molecular conductance For a solution, such as
an electrolyte, the product of specific conductivity