18WuD2x

Graffiti • graphic panel 317
a handheld computer using a stylus. See HAND-
HELD COMPUTER.
grain boundary In a polycrystalline solid, a boundary
between single crystalline regions.
gram 1. Abbreviation, g. A unit of mass and
weight, equal to 0.001 kilogram or 0.0353 ounce.
2. A suffix meaning something drawn (written), or
recorded, as in radiogram or electrocardiogram.
gram atom See GRAM ATOMIC WEIGHT.
gram atomic weight Also called gram-equivalent.
The quantity of an element with a mass in grams
that is equal to the atomic weight of the element.
For example, copper has an atomic weight of
63.546; therefore, one gram atomic weight of copper
has a mass of 63.546 grams.
gram-calorie Abbreviation, gm-cal. The amount of
heat required to raise the temperature of one
gram of water by one degree Celsius.
gram-centimeter Abbreviation, gm-cm. The work
done by a force of one gram exerted over a distance
of one centimeter. Also see JOULE.
gram-equivalent See GRAM ATOMIC WEIGHT.
grammar 1. The sequence of words and/or abbreviations
in a communication or part of a communication.
2. The sequence of codes and/or
commands in a high-level computer programming
language.
gramme armature See GRAMME RING.
Gramme ring A type of armature for a motor or
generator, consisting of an iron ring onto which is
wound a coil of wire, each turn being connected
to a commutator bar.
gram-meter Abbreviation, g-m. A unit of work
equal to a force of one gram exerted over a distance
of one meter. Compare JOULE.
gram-molecular weight See MOL.
gram molecule See MOL.
gramophone Archaic term for phonograph.
grandfather cycle A backup scheme in a magnetic
reproduction system. The original records are retained
for a period of time so that new copies of
high precision can be made in case of loss.
grandfather file An original copy of a file on a magnetic
disk or tape, retained as a source for reconstruction
as needed. Usually, three generations of
a file (grandfather, father, and son) are kept, each
identified by a generation number. Sometimes
the terms grandparent, parent, and child are used
instead. See GENERATION NUMBER.
grand synthesizer A hypothetical child with a
mind perfectly attuned to artificial intelligence
(AI), who grows up to revolutionize the whole industry;
a “grand master of AI.”
granular carbon Carbon in the form of fine granules,
used in the button of a carbon microphone.
granularity 1. In a digital device, the smallest increment
that can be differentiated. 2. The limit of
detail in a reproduction system.
granule One of many narrow frequency subbands,
the combination of which composes a complete
signal. Each subband carries its own specific data.
graph 1. A presentation of data, particularly a depiction
of the manner in which one variable or set
of variables changes, with respect to another.
Can be in the form of discrete points, curves,
bars, columns, pie-shaped slices, etc. 2. A curve
or set of curves in a coordinate system.
graphical analysis The solution of problems
through the use of graphic devices, such as vector
diagrams, load lines, Nyquist plots, topological
flow diagrams, etc.
graphical harmonic analysis See SCHEDULE
METHOD.
graphical user interface Acronym, GUI (pronounced
“gooey”). An operating system or software
that makes it easy for lay people to use a
computer. Commands are given by making
choices from among items displayed on the
screen. Popular versions use symbols, called
icons, along with a pointing device, such as a
mouse or trackball.
graphic documentation Records of data in the
form of graphs, charts, tables, diagrams, etc.
graphic equalizer A device for tailoring the amplitude-versus-frequency
response of a high-fidelity
audio system. Consists of a splitter, several audio
filters, and a mixer. The gain of each filter is adjustable
via a slide potentiometer. The potentiometers
are arranged on the front panel in such
a way that their relative positions show the approximate
shape of the response curve.
Splitter
Input
30-Hz filter
100-Hz filter
300-Hz filter
900-Hz filter
2.5-kHz filter
7-kHz filter
18-kHz filter
graphic equalizer
Audio
combiner
Output
graphic instrument See GRAPHIC RECORDER.
graphic-level recorder An instrument that makes
a permanent recording of signal amplitude as a
function of some independent variable (such as
time, frequency, or direction).
graphic panel In process control, a panel of illuminated
lights or dials that display the status of a
process.