BNF for Children 2011-2012

BNFC 2011–2012 Appendix 1: Interactions 721Platinum Compounds (continued)Antiepileptics: cisplatin possibly reduces plasma concentrationof phenytoin. Antipsychotics: avoid concomitant use of cytotoxicswith .clozapine (increased risk of agranulocytosis). Cytotoxics: increased risk of otoxicity when cisplatingiven with ifosfamide; increased pulmonary toxicitywhen cisplatin given with .bleomycin and.methotrexateDiuretics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicitywhen platinum compounds given with diureticsPolymyxin B see PolymyxinsPolymyxinsAntibacterials: increased risk of nephrotoxicity whencolistimethate sodium or polymyxins given withaminoglycosides; increased risk of nephrotoxicitywhen colistimethate sodium or polymyxins givenwith capreomycin; increased risk of nephrotoxicitywhen polymyxins given with vancomycin; increasedrisk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity when colistimethatesodium given with vancomycinAntifungals: increased risk of nephrotoxicity whenpolymyxins given with amphotericin. Ciclosporin: increased risk of nephrotoxicity whenpolymyxins given with .ciclosporin. Cytotoxics: increased risk of nephrotoxicity and possiblyof ototoxicity when polymyxins given with.platinum compounds. Diuretics: increased risk of otoxicity when polymyxinsgiven with .loop diuretics. Muscle Relaxants: polymyxins enhance effects of.non-depolarising muscle relaxants and.suxamethonium. Parasympathomimetics: polymyxins antagoniseeffects of .neostigmine and .pyridostigmineVaccines: antibacterials inactivate oral typhoidvaccine—see p. 620Polystyrene Sulphonate ResinsAntacids: risk of intestinal obstruction when polystyrenesulphonate resins given with aluminiumhydroxide; risk of metabolic alkalosis when polystyrenesulphonate resins given with oral magnesiumsaltsThyroid Hormones: polystyrene sulphonate resinsreduce absorption of levothyroxinePosaconazole see Antifungals, TriazolePotassium Canrenoate see DiureticsPotassium AminobenzoateAntibacterials: potassium aminobenzoate inhibitseffects of sulfonamidesPotassium Bicarbonate see Potassium SaltsPotassium Chloride see Potassium SaltsPotassium Citrate see Potassium SaltsPotassium SaltsNote Includes salt substitutes. ACE Inhibitors: increased risk of severe hyperkalaemiawhen potassium salts given with .ACE inhibitorsAliskiren: increased risk of hyperkalaemia whenpotassium salts given with aliskiren. Angiotensin-II Receptor Antagonists: increased risk ofhyperkalaemia when potassium salts given with.angiotensin-II receptor antagonistsAntibacterials: avoid concomitant use of potassiumcitrate with methenamine. Ciclosporin: increased risk of hyperkalaemia whenpotassium salts given with .ciclosporin. Diuretics: increased risk of hyperkalaemia whenpotassium salts given with .potassium-sparing diureticsand aldosterone antagonists. Tacrolimus: increased risk of hyperkalaemia whenpotassium salts given with .tacrolimusPramipexoleAntipsychotics: manufacturer of pramipexole advisesavoid concomitant use of antipsychotics (antagonismof effect)Memantine: effects of dopaminergics possiblyenhanced by memantinePramipexole (continued)Methyldopa: antiparkinsonian effect of dopaminergicsantagonised by methyldopaUlcer-healing Drugs: excretion of pramipexole reducedby cimetidine (increased plasma concentration)PrasugrelAnalgesics: possible increased risk of bleeding whenprasugrel given with NSAIDsAnticoagulants: possible increased risk of bleedingwhen prasugrel given with coumarins or phenindioneClopidogrel: possible increased risk of bleeding whenprasugrel given with clopidogrelPravastatin see StatinsPrazosin see Alpha-blockersPrednisolone see CorticosteroidsPrednisone see CorticosteroidsPrilocaineAnti-arrhythmics: increased myocardial depressionwhen prilocaine given with anti-arrhythmicsAntibacterials: increased risk of methaemoglobinaemiawhen prilocaine given with sulfonamidesPrimaquine. Antimalarials: avoidance of antimalarials advised bymanufacturer of .artemether/lumefantrineHistamine: avoidance of antimalarials advised bymanufacturer of histamineMepacrine: plasma concentration of primaquineincreased by mepacrine (increased risk of toxicity)Vaccines: antimalarials inactivate oral typhoidvaccine—see p. 620Primidone see PhenobarbitalProbenecidACE Inhibitors: probenecid reduces excretion ofcaptoprilAnaesthetics, General: probenecid possibly enhanceseffects of thiopental. Analgesics: probenecid reduces excretion of.dexketoprofen, .indometacin, .ketoprofen and.naproxen (increased plasma concentration); probenecidreduces excretion of .ketorolac (increasedplasma concentration)—avoid concomitant use;effects of probenecid antagonised by aspirinAntibacterials: probenecid reduces excretion of doripenem(manufacturers of doripenem advise avoidconcomitant use); probenecid reduces excretion ofmeropenem; probenecid reduces excretion of cephalosporins,ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid,norfloxacin and penicillins (increased plasma concentration);probenecid reduces excretion ofdapsone and nitrofurantoin (increased risk of sideeffects);effects of probenecid antagonised bypyrazinamide. Antivirals: probenecid reduces excretion of aciclovir(increased plasma concentration); probenecid possiblyreduces excretion of famciclovir (increasedplasma concentration); probenecid reduces excretionof ganciclovir and .zidovudine (increased plasmaconcentration and risk of toxicity)Anxiolytics and Hypnotics: probenecid reducesexcretion of lorazepam (increased plasma concentration);probenecid possibly reduces excretion ofnitrazepam (increased plasma concentration). Cytotoxics: probenecid reduces excretion of.methotrexate (increased risk of toxicity)Sodium Benzoate: probenecid possibly reducesexcretion of conjugate formed by sodium benzoateSodium Phenylbutyrate: probenecid possibly reducesexcretion of conjugate formed by sodium phenylbutyrateProcarbazineAlcohol: disulfiram-like reaction when procarbazinegiven with alcohol. Antipsychotics: avoid concomitant use of cytotoxicswith .clozapine (increased risk of agranulocytosis)Cardiac Glycosides: procarbazine possibly reducesabsorption of digoxin tabletsProchlorperazine see AntipsychoticsProcyclidine see AntimuscarinicsAppendix 1: Interactions