BNF for Children 2011-2012

BNFC 2011–2012 732 Cardiovascular system2.1 Positive inotropic drugs 732.1.1 Cardiac glycosides 732.1.2 Phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitors752.2 Diuretics 762.2.1 Thiazides and related diuretics 762.2.2 Loop diuretics 782.2.3 Potassium-sparing diuretics andaldosterone antagonists 802.2.4 Potassium-sparing diuretics withother diuretics 812.2.5 Osmotic diuretics 812.2.6 Mercurial diuretics 822.2.7 Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 822.2.8 Diuretics with potassium 822.3 Anti-arrhythmic drugs 822.3.1 Management of arrhythmias 822.3.2 Drugs for arrhythmias 832.4 Beta-adrenoceptor blockingdrugs 872.5 Hypertension 922.5.1 Vasodilator antihypertensivedrugs and pulmonary hypertension932.5.1.1 Vasodilator antihypertensives 932.5.1.2 Pulmonary hypertension 952.5.2 Centrally acting antihypertensivedrugs 982.5.3 Adrenergic neurone blockingdrugs 982.5.4 Alpha-adrenoceptor blockingdrugs 992.5.5 Drugs affecting the renin-angiotensinsystem 1002.5.5.1 Angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibitors 1002.5.5.2 Angiotensin-II receptor antagonists1032.6 Nitrates, calcium-channel blockers,and other antianginal drugs 1042.6.1 Nitrates 1042.6.2 Calcium-channel blockers 1052.6.3 Other antianginal drugs 1102.6.4 Peripheral vasodilators andrelated drugs 1102.7 Sympathomimetics 1102.7.1 Inotropic sympathomimetics 1102.7.2 Vasoconstrictor sympathomimetics1122.7.3 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1142.8 Anticoagulants and protamine 1142.8.1 Parenteral anticoagulants 1142.8.2 Oral anticoagulants 1182.8.3 Protamine sulphate 1202.9 Antiplatelet drugs 1202.10 Myocardial infarction and fibrinolysis1212.10.1 Management of myocardialinfarction 1212.10.2 Fibrinolytic drugs 1212.11 Antifibrinolytic drugs andhaemostatics 1232.12 Lipid-regulating drugs 1252.13 Local sclerosants 1302.14 Drugs affecting the ductusarteriosus 130This chapter also includes advice on the drug managementof the following:arrhythmias, p. 82heart failure, p. 76hypertension, p. 92pulmonary hypertension, p. 952.1 Positive inotropic drugs2.1.1 Cardiac glycosides2.1.2 Phosphodiesterase type-3 inhibitorsPositive inotropic drugs increase the force of contractionof the myocardium. Drugs which produce inotropiceffects include cardiac glycosides, phosphodiesteraseinhibitors, and some sympathomimetics (section 2.7.1).2.1.1 Cardiac glycosidesThe cardiac glycoside digoxin increases the force ofmyocardial contraction and reduces conductivity withinthe atrioventricular (AV) node.Digoxin is most useful in the treatment of supraventriculartachycardias, especially for controlling ventricular2 Cardiovascular system