JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on <strong>the</strong> Rationalization of <strong>Energy</strong> Use for Build<strong>in</strong>gs 1999(CCREUB)2. Design and Construction Guidel<strong>in</strong>es on <strong>the</strong> Rationalization of <strong>Energy</strong> Use forHouses 1999 (DCGREUH)3. Criteria for Clients on <strong>the</strong> Rationalization of <strong>Energy</strong> Use for Houses 1999(CCREUH)KOR Build<strong>in</strong>g Design Criteria for <strong>Energy</strong> Sav<strong>in</strong>g 2008 (BDCES)Rules for Build<strong>in</strong>g Facility Criteria & O<strong>the</strong>rwise 2008 (RBFCO)USA 1. International <strong>Energy</strong> Conservation Code 2006 (IECC)2. ASHRAE Standard 90.1 - <strong>Energy</strong> Standard for Build<strong>in</strong>gs except Low-riseResidential Build<strong>in</strong>gs 2007 (ASHRAE 90.1)1.6 Residential and Commercial Build<strong>in</strong>gsAustralia, Canada, Ch<strong>in</strong>a, Japan and <strong>the</strong> United States have separate build<strong>in</strong>g energycodes for commercial and residential build<strong>in</strong>gs. India and South Korea’s build<strong>in</strong>g energycodes focus on build<strong>in</strong>gs with large energy demands (Table 5).Broadly speak<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>the</strong> residential codes <strong>in</strong> Australia, Canada and <strong>the</strong> United States covers<strong>in</strong>gle-family homes and small multi-family residences, but not large, multi-familyresidences; <strong>the</strong> latter are covered under <strong>the</strong> commercial codes. Ch<strong>in</strong>a’s residentialbuild<strong>in</strong>g energy codes refer to multi-family apartment build<strong>in</strong>gs. Japan’s residential codecovers both large and small residential build<strong>in</strong>gs. The commercial build<strong>in</strong>g energy codes<strong>in</strong> Australia, Canada and <strong>the</strong> United States cover large, conditioned build<strong>in</strong>gs, regardlessof use, while <strong>the</strong> commercial or public build<strong>in</strong>g codes <strong>in</strong> Ch<strong>in</strong>a and Japan only coverlarge build<strong>in</strong>gs used for non-residential purposes.Table 5 Def<strong>in</strong>ition of Residential and Commercial Build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> APP CountriesResidential Build<strong>in</strong>gsCommercial Build<strong>in</strong>gsAUS The Australian codecovers all build<strong>in</strong>g issuesso it applies to a widerange of structures. Theresidential energyefficiency provisions of<strong>the</strong> code apply primarilyto: detached and attacheds<strong>in</strong>gle-family houses, andboard<strong>in</strong>g houses, guesthouses and hostels with atotal area not exceed<strong>in</strong>g300 m 2 (BCA 2007).CANCHNS<strong>in</strong>gle-family houses ofthree stories or less(MNECH 1997).Multi-family apartmentbuild<strong>in</strong>gs.The commercial energy efficiency provisions of <strong>the</strong> codeapply primarily to: large residential build<strong>in</strong>gs, officebuild<strong>in</strong>gs, retail build<strong>in</strong>gs, schools and health carebuild<strong>in</strong>gs as well as laboratories and production build<strong>in</strong>gs(BCA 2007).<strong>New</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs and additions, <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g:1) Build<strong>in</strong>gs more than three stories <strong>in</strong> height,2) Build<strong>in</strong>gs of three stories or less hav<strong>in</strong>g a build<strong>in</strong>garea of more than 600 m 2 , and3) Build<strong>in</strong>gs of three stories or less <strong>in</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g heightthat conta<strong>in</strong> non-residential space (MNECB 1997).Educational, governmental, commercial and <strong>in</strong>dustrialbuild<strong>in</strong>gs.18
INDJAPKORUSAAll new build<strong>in</strong>gs with a connected load of 500 kW or more, or a contract demand of600 kVA or greater, which generally <strong>in</strong>cludes build<strong>in</strong>gs with conditioned floor spaceof 1,000 m 2 or more (ECBC 2008).Residential build<strong>in</strong>gs of Commercial, educational, governmental and <strong>in</strong>dustrialany size.build<strong>in</strong>gs.(1) Apartment build<strong>in</strong>gs with over 50 households, (2) education/research/welfare orbus<strong>in</strong>ess build<strong>in</strong>gs greater than 3,000 m 2 , (3) hotels and hospitals over 2,000 m 2 , (4)department stores with a centralized cool<strong>in</strong>g/heat<strong>in</strong>g system and over 3,000 m 2 , or (5)performance halls, ga<strong>the</strong>r<strong>in</strong>g halls, and stadiums with total floor area over 10,000 m 2(BDCES 2008). Smaller build<strong>in</strong>gs are also covered under South Korea’s Rules forBuild<strong>in</strong>g Facility Criteria & O<strong>the</strong>rwise (RBFCO 2008).Residential build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>New</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g and <strong>the</strong>ir systems, new portions ofthree stories or less <strong>in</strong> build<strong>in</strong>gs and <strong>the</strong>ir systems, new systems and equipmen<strong>the</strong>ight above grade (IECC <strong>in</strong> exist<strong>in</strong>g build<strong>in</strong>gs, exclud<strong>in</strong>g 1) s<strong>in</strong>gle-family houses,2006) 11 multi-family structures of three stories or less abovegrade, manufactured houses, 2) build<strong>in</strong>gs that do not useei<strong>the</strong>r electricity or fossil fuel, or 3) equipment andportions of build<strong>in</strong>g systems that use energy primarily toprovide for <strong>in</strong>dustrial, manufactur<strong>in</strong>g or commercialprocesses (ASHRAE 90.1-2007).1.7 Construction TrendsStandard construction practices differ significantly <strong>in</strong> APP countries. This is natural asbuild<strong>in</strong>gs must meet <strong>the</strong> climate and cultural needs of <strong>the</strong> people that occupy <strong>the</strong>m.Construction practices can have a major impact on build<strong>in</strong>g energy use. For example, <strong>in</strong>India <strong>the</strong> shift from more traditional architectural with massive walls toward officebuild<strong>in</strong>gs made of glass and steel has led to a dramatic <strong>in</strong>crease <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> demand for aircondition<strong>in</strong>g given <strong>the</strong> hot climate. Average Canadian new detached homes are probablyaround 280 square meters, which is smaller than those <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> U.S., while high riseapartment build<strong>in</strong>gs are likely consistent with those <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> US.While it is beyond <strong>the</strong> scope of this report to provide detailed statistical analysis of <strong>the</strong>differences <strong>in</strong> construction practices <strong>in</strong> different APP countries, it is important tohighlight that <strong>the</strong>se differences can <strong>in</strong>fluence build<strong>in</strong>g energy use. This is important <strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>terpret<strong>in</strong>g differences <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> build<strong>in</strong>g energy codes of APP countries. The build<strong>in</strong>genergy codes <strong>in</strong> each country may also reflect <strong>the</strong>se differences <strong>in</strong> construction practices.This section briefly touches on a few of <strong>the</strong> more important differences <strong>in</strong> constructiontrends.Heavy versus light construction Residential build<strong>in</strong>gs <strong>in</strong> Asia tend to have heavierconstruction than <strong>the</strong>ir counterparts <strong>in</strong> Australia, Canada and <strong>the</strong> United States. Heavyconstruction tends to have more <strong>the</strong>rmal mass than light construction, which can makeadopt<strong>in</strong>g strict energy requirements easier. Modern-style build<strong>in</strong>gs do not have to rely onlight construction, but <strong>the</strong>y may often rely on significant amounts of glass and steel <strong>in</strong><strong>the</strong>ir construction. Because of its solar heat ga<strong>in</strong> and poor <strong>in</strong>sulat<strong>in</strong>g characteristics, glass11 IECC 2006 has sections for both commercial and residential build<strong>in</strong>gs. This description, based onChapter 4 of IECC 2006, is only for residential build<strong>in</strong>gs.19
- Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
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- Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
- Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
- Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
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- Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
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- Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
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certifying third-party verifiers or
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Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
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Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
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AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
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CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
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Testing Agencies and Certification
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USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
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Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
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CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
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USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
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AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
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JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
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AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
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ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
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IEA (International Energy Agency).
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OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook