Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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small cities will be pilot of such practice. Energy saving retrofits for existing residentialand public buildings shall be conducted in combination with urban reconstruction. Largecities are expected to improve 25% of building areas, medium cities 15% and small cities10%.”In 2005, the Chinese government called for building a resource conserving andenvironmentally friendly society in its Eleventh Five-Year Plan. This plan is widelyregarded as the roadmap for China’s social and economic development for 2006 to 2010.In this newest national plan, ten priority programs related to energy conservation havebeen identified for meeting the goals of reducing energy intensity and mitigating primarypollutants by 20% and 10%, respectively, by the year 2010 compared to 2005 levels. Sixof the ten priority programs are related to building energy efficiency: 1) energyconservation in buildings, 2) energy-efficient lighting, 3) energy conservation ingovernmental buildings and vehicles, 4) district heating and power generation, 5)recovery of residual heat and pressure, and 6) building the energy conservationmonitoring and technological support system.China has issued a series of national and industrial codes to promote building energyefficiency, including three design standards for residential buildings in different parts ofChina (published in 1995, 2001 and 2003, respectively) and one design standard forpublic buildings (2005). In addition, China has developed standards for lighting design inbuildings (2004). Energy standards covering other building-related issues include: thetechnical specifications for the energy-efficient renovation of existing residentialbuildings in the heating zones (2001), the technical code for ground source heat pumpsystems (2005), the technical code for solar water heating systems in civil buildings 22(2006), the standard for energy consumption surveys in civil buildings (2007) and thestandard for energy-efficiency inspections of buildings (2007). In this report, buildingenergy codes refer to design standards for public and residential buildings as well as thestandards for lighting design.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (the former Ministry ofConstruction) coordinates and develops China’s national building energy codes. TheChina Academy of Building Research is the chief developer of nearly all of China’snational building energy codes. On behalf of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-RuralDevelopment, the Academy is responsible for explaining and maintaining China’sbuilding energy codes.2.4 IndiaRecognizing that energy use and air pollution are important issues in India’s buildings,India issued the National Housing and Habitat Policy in 1998. The Policy acknowledgedthe importance of construction techniques and materials in energy conservation. It alsoemphasized that the government should specify energy efficiency levels for differentcategories of buildings (IEA, 2008b).In 2001, the Indian government enacted the Energy Conservation Act, which promotesenergy efficiency and conservation domestically. The Energy Conservation Act mandated22 Civil buildings refer to both residential and public buildings.26
the creation of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, which was established under theMinistry of Power in 2002. The Energy Conservation Act also authorized Bureau ofEnergy Efficiency to establish the ECBC.The Bureau of Indian Standards issued National Building Code of India in 2005, whichcovered a range of structural, safety, and other design issues. Energy efficiency wasmarginally addressed (IEA, 2008b).Under the direction of the Prime Minister, the government’s Planning Commission issuedthe Integrated Energy Policy in 2006. This document identifies major areas with largepotential for energy savings. Five of the 13 areas are related to the buildings sectorincluding building design, construction, HVAC, lighting and household appliances.In 2007, the Ministry of Power and Bureau of Energy Efficiency issued the ECBC —thefirst stand-alone national building energy code in India. While it is currently voluntary,ECBC establishes minimum energy efficiency requirements for the building envelope,lighting, HVAC, electrical system, water heating, and pumping systems.2.5 JapanJapan was hit hard by the 1973 oil crisis because its oil consumption contributed to 80%of its total primary energy demand at that time. Since then, the Japanese government hasbeen committed to making energy efficiency one of its priorities in national development.Today, Japan has one of the most efficient economies in the world as measured by energyintensity.Japan’s Rational Use of Energy, or Energy Conservation Law, was first issued in 1979.Initially, it was primarily focused on promoting energy efficiency in the industrial sector.The law served as the foundation of Japan’s energy efficiency policies and was updatednumerous times including in 1983, 1993, 1998, 2002, 2005 and 2008 23 . The 2002revision required owners of new commercial buildings larger than 2,000 square meters tosubmit energy saving plans to the government. The 2005 revision, which took effect in2006, strengthened energy-efficiency measures for residential buildings and theconstruction sector. Owners of buildings with over 2,000 square meters must submitenergy saving plans for renovation permits (IEA, 2008c, d, e and f). Recent revisions tothe Energy Conservation Law expand the number of buildings for which energy savingplans are required; the revisions go into effect in 2009. The revisions require owners ofsmall and medium-sized buildings (from 300 to 2,000 square meters) to submit energysaving plans before construction or renovations begin. Also, construction companiesbuilding more than 150 houses per year need to improve the energy performance of thehouses they build.Under the Energy Conservation Law, Japan has issued a set of building energy standardsfor commercial and residential buildings. The Criteria for Clients on the Rationalizationof Energy Use for Buildings (CCREUB) was first issued in 1979, and the newest versionwas released in 1999 by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministryof Construction. Two building energy standards relate to residential buildings: 1) Designand Construction Guidelines on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Houses23 Part of the 2008 version of the law will enter into force in April 2009 and the remainder in April 2010.27
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69: certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75: AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77:
CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79:
Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81:
USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83:
Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85:
CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87:
USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89:
AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91:
JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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