Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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according to the current codes. This initiative also includes a goal to monitor and increasethe compliance level at the state level to 90%.2.8 SummarySome of the important highlights in the development of building energy codes in APPcountries include the following:a) Australia has updated its building energy codes annually since 2003.b) Building energy codes in Canada and India were highly influenced by thestructure and development process of the United States ASHRAE 90.1 standard.c) Australia, Canada, China, Japan and the United States have both commercial andresidential building energy codes, while India has a building energy code for largebuildings. China’s residential and commercial codes also cover only largebuildings. South Korea’s building codes cover both commercial and residentialbuildings in the same document. 27d) The United States was the first APP country to develop both residential andcommercial building codes in 1975.3 Comparison of the Structure and Requirements ofBuilding Energy Codes3.1 Structural ComparisonThe topics that codes cover vary across countries. Within the APP region, the Englishspeakingcountries have codes that cover fairly similar issues, while the East Asiancountries each have unique codes covering different sets of issues. The United States,Canada and India all have building energy codes developed from or based on ASHRAEstandards. The Australian building energy code, while not directly patterned afterASHRAE, does approach building energy requirements in a fairly similar manner. Thebuilding energy codes in Australia, Canada, India and the United States all address suchbuilding components as building envelope, HVAC, lighting, service hot water, electricalpower and the building performance approach. Commercial building energy codes oftenprovide more detailed and stringent provisions than residential building energy codes thattarget single-family homes (except for India, which has only one code for large buildings).The codes in East Asia are less homogenous compared to those described above. China’sbuilding energy codes are focused on the building envelope and HVAC; lighting iscovered in a separate document. In Japan, the residential and commercial energy codeshave very different structures and compliance paths. Both China and Japan have detailedresidential building energy codes but in China the code covers only large residential27 BDCES focuses on large-scale buildings, but South Korea’s RBFCO applies to all buildings regardlessof their size. It is mandatory and provides requirements for minimum U-values, air tightness of buildingand other issues for all commercial and residential buildings.30
uildings, while in Japan, all residential buildings are covered. South Korea’s buildingenergy code focuses on buildings with high energy use and categorizes provisions intosections such as construction design, electrical design, mechanical design, and renewableenergy facility design. The BDCES of South Korea and the Japanese commercial codeboth include a point scoring system, which makes it easier to include topics like buildingshape and orientation, renewable energy, and natural ventilation. (Prescriptive-basedcodes make it harder to include such a broad range of issues because all buildings mustbe able to comply, while point systems can encourage non-obligatory measures as well).Table 7 compares the structure of building energy codes in the APP countries. It showsthat codes in all countries cover building envelope and HVAC. The third and fourth mostcovered are service water heating and lighting, respectively. Building energy codes inmost countries include building performance-based alternative solutions.In addition, building energy codes in some countries address different issues that are notcommonly discussed in other countries. Examples include individual sections on “Accessfor Maintenance” and “Energy Efficiency Installation” for commercial buildings inAustralia (BCA 2007), “Manufactured Housing” for residential houses in Canada(MNECH 1997), provisions on operation and maintenance in “How to Live” for housesin Japan (DCGREUH 1999), and provisions for relaxed zoning restrictions on buildingsize and a section on “Renewable Energy Facility Design Criteria” in South Korea’sbuilding energy codes (BDCES 2008).31
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69: certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75: AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77: CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79: Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81:
USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83:
Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85:
CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87:
USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89:
AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91:
JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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