Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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Table 7 Structural Comparison of Building Energy Codes in APP CountriesItemsAUS CAN CHN IND JAP KOR USABCA 2007MNECB1997MNECH1997CommercialBuildings2005HeatingZone1995,2008HSCW2001,2008HSWW2003ECBC2007CCREUB1999ResidentialDesign andConstruction1999CCREUH1999BDCES2008ASHRAE90.1-2007C R C R C R R R C R R C REnvelope X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XHVAC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XService HotWater andPumpingLightingX X X X N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. X X X N.A. X X XX N.A. X XX (in aseparatecode)X (in aseparatecode)IECC2006N.A. N.A. X X N.A. N.A. X X N.A. 28ElectricalPower X N.A. X X N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. X N.A. N.A. N.A. X X N.A.Trade-offsand buildingperformanceapproachRenewableenergyX X X X X X X X X X N.A. X X X XX X X X. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. X X N.A. N.A. X X XMaintenance N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. X X X N.A. N.A. N.A.Note: C = commercial buildings, R = residential buildings, N.A = Not applicable. China has a separate code that covers lighting. In most countriesthat mention renewable energy in their building energy codes, renewable energy is not required, per se, but using site-generated renewable energyprovides exceptions to certain code requirements.28 The 2009 version of the IECC now includes a provision for lighting.32
3.2 Size Threshold for Compliance in New BuildingsKey Findings APP countries have different size thresholds for compliance with building energycodes. This difference can result in important discrepancies in the energyefficiency of buildings that do not need to comply. The codes in China and India cover only large buildings. South Korea has minimum mandatory insulation requirements for all buildingsand the BDCES provides additional requirements for large-scale buildings. Japan has recently lowered the compliance threshold for commercial buildingsfrom 2,000 to 300 square meters Australia, Canada and the United States do not have a minimum size threshold forany type of conditioned building, although large residential buildings areregulated under the “commercial” code.Countries maintain different size thresholds for buildings covered by their buildingenergy codes. Australia, Canada and the United States have many single-family homes,and these countries typically have different sets of requirements for small residential andother buildings. In these cases, there may not be a minimum requirement; however, if aresidential building is large, it may fall under the “commercial” or “building” code. Indiahas a single code for large buildings. China has separate requirements for residential andother types of buildings, but both sets of requirements cover only large buildings. Japanhas two separate codes – much like Australia, Canada and the United States – but it onlyregulates non-residential buildings of more than 300 square meters (it recently loweredthis threshold from 2,000 square meters. Its residential code covers all residentialbuildings, and the difference of size is handled through envelope calculations that factorin the number of stories. Table 8 summarizes the compliance thresholds in the APPcountries.Table 8 Minimum Size of Buildings Regulated by Building Energy CodeResidentialOther BuildingsAUS No minimum No minimumCAN No minimum No minimumCHN Large buildings, but code hasno specific definitionLarge buildings, but code has no specificdefinitionIND Approximately 1,000 m 2 Approximately 1,000 m 2JAP No minimum 300 m 2KOR 50 households in building(BDCES)Minimum insulation for allbuildings (RBFCO)Depends on type: ex. offices, education andresearch: 3,000 m 2 , hotels/motels 2,000 m 2(BDCES)Minimum insulation for all buildings (RBFCO)USA No minimum No minimum33
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69: certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75: AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77: CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79: Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81: USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83:
Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85:
CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87:
USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89:
AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91:
JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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