Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings Energy ratings given to materials and equipment help builders, owners and codeenforcement officials determine if using them would allow a building to meet thebuilding energy code. However, the criteria used to rate materials and equipment(i.e., the test standards identified in most codes) often differ from one country tothe next. This may have implications on imported building materials. APP countries are leading a project that aims to harmonize test protocols. India’s experience demonstrates how critical it is for countries to tailor their testprotocols to local conditions (e.g., climate and available resources) to ensure thetargeted energy efficiency level is achieved.Testing and rating compliance of buildings and building materials to code is essential toensure energy efficiency. The energy ratings given to materials and equipment helpbuilders, owners and code enforcement officials determine if using them would allow abuilding to meet the building energy code. For example, if the code specifies a U-factorfor a wall, knowing the R-value of the insulation that goes into the wall is critical toestablishing the wall’s U-factor. Building energy codes typically reference test standardsthat must be used when establishing the energy rating of a product. Two examples canhighlight the importance of test standards:1. Air conditioners in India tend to operate at about 30% below stated efficiencylevels of the equipment because of the extremely hot climate. Specifications forthe design of air conditioners are based on standards that meet the averageseasonal weather conditions of the United States. India currently does not have itsown test standards for air conditioners. A test protocol designed for Indianconditions would likely encourage manufacturers to design and produce airconditioners that operate more efficiently in very hot climates.2. Identifying differences in testing protocols becomes particularly importantrelevant to importing building materials. For example, upon testing windowsimported from a foreign country, some United States cities have found that the R-values may vary by as much as 10% from those indicated by the rating. It istherefore beneficial to take into account differences in test standards applied inother countries. The North American Energy Working Group, for example, isworking to verify that test protocols for room air conditioners in the United States,Canada and Mexico are identical or nearly identical (NAEWG, no date).Appendix B contains examples of the test standards referenced in each APP country’sbuilding code and identifies some of the major testing agencies or certificationassociations involved in testing equipment and materials for energy efficiency.Several APP countries reference International Organization for Standardization (ISO)standards in their codes (e.g., Canada and Japan). Given the differences that existbetween test standards of each country, ISO has attempted to achieve harmonization oftest procedures. However, for every ISO standard there may be several test protocols.60
In response to this need, APP is leading a project that aims to reach harmony between testprotocols including harmonizing test procedures for electric motors (BATF-06-01), 49 testprocedures for HVAC (BATF-06-04) and window rating procedures (BATF-06-25).Project details are available to the public on the APP website:http://www.asiapacificpartnership.org/english/project_roster.aspx.Table 24 identifies which testing protocols are referenced in the code(s) of each APPcountry for some of the major building components under review (insulation, HVAC,windows and lighting).Table 24 Referenced Test Standards in CodesInsulation HVAC Windows LightingAUS Yes Yes No NoCANCHNINDNoYes(presentsprotocol)NoYesYes (presentsprotocol)YesNo (but references anAmerican Society forTesting and Materials teststandard for windows)Yes(presents protocol)No(but references an AmericanSociety for Testing andMaterials test standard)No (exceptfluorescent ballasts)JAP Yes No Yes NoKORYesNo(but mentioned in theproduct standard)YesYesUSAYes Yes Yes4.3 Compliance Software and ToolsYesNoNo (exceptfluorescent ballasts)Key Findings There are three major policy approaches to compliance software among APPcountries: 1) some countries (e.g., Australia) develop detailed protocols orrequirements for compliance software that allow many software developers toissue products while ensuring consistent results, 2) some governments (e.g.,Canada, Japan and the United States) pay for the development of compliancesoftware that is then free-of-charge, and 3) other countries have a less formalpolicy on code compliance software because their codes are relatively simple(e.g., South Korea) or they rely on private companies to develop software (e.g.,China). Some countries adopt several approaches, for example, developingdetailed protocols, but also funding software development and offering somesoftware for free.49 BATF is short for the Buildings and Appliances Task Force.61
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PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
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Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
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efficient air conditioning system,
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ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69: certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75: AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77: CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79: Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81: USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83: Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85: CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87: USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89: AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91: JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93: AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95: ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97: IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98: OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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