Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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Six countries have jurisdictions in the cool zone including Australia, Canada, China,India, Japan and the United States. Australia has the strongest roof requirements,followed by certain categories of buildings in Canada, India and the United States. Indiahas the highest thermal requirements for walls, followed by the wall requirements inCanada for electrically heated buildings, and China (commercial buildings with a shapecoefficient between 0.3 and 0.4). Canada has the most stringent requirements for elevatedfloors. Japan has the highest U-values for windows. Figure 3 highlights the range ofmaximum U-factors for windows in the cool zone across the APP region. Table 12 belowprovides more detail on all the envelope requirements in this zone.Figure 3 Comparison of Window U-factor Requirements in the Cool Zone54.543.5U-factor32.52Low maximumHigh maximumMidpoint1.510.50Lanzhou, CHN(Residential)Chicago, USALanzhou, CHN(Commercial)Vancouver,CANMukteswar, INDSapporo, JAP42
Table 13 Thermal Characteristics of Roofs, Walls, Floors and Windows in the Cool ZoneCitiesMaximum U-factors W/(m²·K)Window IndicatorsRoof Wall Floor WindowAggregate conductanceThredbofactor not directly0.23 0.56 0.40AUScomparable with U-factors 360.41 (Type III 39 (Electricity), 0.41 (Type II 1.90 to 1.30 (Electricity)VancouverCAN 37 Electricity), and 0.81 (Others) Electricity), and 3.40 to 1.70 (Others)0.47 (Type IIIand 0.47 (Type by WWR0.23 (Type II 38 ), 0.45 0.22 (Type I), Maximum U-factor:Others 40 )II Others)0.45-0.55 0.50-0.60 0.50-0.60LanzhouMukteswarINDSapporoJAPChicagoUSA0.50-0.70 0.62-1.10 0.500.41 (Others)0.26 (24-hourbuildings)0.35 (Others)to 0.40 (24-hourbuilding)N.A.1.52 to 0.76 0.76 to 0.38 N.A.0.36 (Insulationabove deck) to0.37 (Metalbuilding)0.70 (Mass),0.64 (Metalbuilding),0.48 (Steelframed)0.50 (Mass),0.30 (Steeljoist)Maximum U-factor: 3.5 to2.0 by WWR; SC: 0.70 to0.50Maximum U-factor:4.70 to 4.00Maximum U-factor is3.30, and maximum SHGCis 0.51Maximum U-factor is 1.50(excluded 1.50) to 0.75;solar heat gain coefficient is0.30 (excluded 0.30) to0.05Maximum U-factor: 3.24 to2.61 by WWRSHGC: 0.49 to 0.26 byWWR,SHGC of north window:0.49 to 0.36 by WWRNote: Italicized text refers to residential buildings. Shaded boxes and bold text highlight the moststringent requirements in a given category. When countries have a range of requirements to coverdifferent types of situations, the midpoint of this range is used as the point of comparison. N.A. = Notapplicable.Canada, China, India and the United States all have jurisdictions in the very cold zone (inIndia, these jurisdictions are in certain mountainous regions). Canada has the strongest36RE Horne (2005) International comparison of building energy performance standards.37 Vancouver International A mentioned in ASHRAE 90.1-2007.38 Type II of roof and Type I of floor refer to parallel-chord trusses and joist-type roofs.39 Type III of roof and Type II of floor refer to all other roofs (e.g., concrete decks with rigid insulation).40 “Others” refer to other principal heating sources, such as propane, oil, heat pumps and natural gas.41 The Chinese envelope requirements in the cold and very cold zones vary based on the shape of thebuilding. We have provided the range.43
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69: certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75: AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77: CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79: Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81: USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83: Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85: CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87: USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89: AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91: JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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