Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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ContentsForeword ....................................................................................................................... 12Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... 131 Introduction and Background ............................................................................... 141.1 Importance of Building Energy Codes ............................................................. 141.2 Economics, Energy and Carbon Emissions ...................................................... 141.3 Building Sectors ................................................................................................ 151.4 Building Energy Use ......................................................................................... 161.5 Building Energy Codes and Standards ............................................................. 171.6 Residential and Commercial Buildings ............................................................ 181.7 Construction Trends .......................................................................................... 191.8 Climate Zones ................................................................................................... 212 Development History .............................................................................................. 222.1 Australia ............................................................................................................ 242.2 Canada............................................................................................................... 242.3 China ................................................................................................................. 252.4 India .................................................................................................................. 262.5 Japan ................................................................................................................. 272.6 South Korea ...................................................................................................... 282.7 The United States .............................................................................................. 292.8 Summary ........................................................................................................... 303 Comparison of the Structure and Requirements of Building Energy Codes .... 303.1 Structural Comparison ...................................................................................... 303.2 Size Threshold for Compliance in New Buildings ........................................... 333.3 Building Envelope ............................................................................................ 343.4 HVAC ............................................................................................................... 463.5 Service Water Heating ...................................................................................... 493.6 Lighting ............................................................................................................. 523.7 Electric Power ................................................................................................... 533.8 Trade-off and Building Performance Approach ............................................... 543.9 Renovations............................................................................................................. 563.10 Operations and Maintenance................................................................................. 578
4 Enforcement and Compliance ............................................................................... 574.1 Enforcement Framework .................................................................................. 574.2 Testing and Rating ............................................................................................ 604.3 Compliance Software and Tools ....................................................................... 614.4 Training and Public Information ....................................................................... 654.5 Some Innovative Programs and Summary ........................................................ 665 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 68Appendix A – Enforcement Framework....................................................................... 69Appendix B – Building Testing Agencies and Examples of Test Standards in eachAPP Country ................................................................................................................... 73Appendix C – Compliance Software ............................................................................. 82Appendix D – Training and Public Information .......................................................... 87Acronyms ......................................................................................................................... 92References ........................................................................................................................ 949
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59:
Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61:
4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63:
Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65:
CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67:
and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69:
certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71:
Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73:
Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75:
AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77:
CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79:
Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81:
USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83:
Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85:
CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87:
USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89:
AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91:
JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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