Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)to 0.37(Metalbuilding)3.30 (Mass), 0.64(Metal building),0.70 (Steelframed)1.83 (Mass),1.99 (Steeljoist)Maximum U-factor: 6.81,SHGC: 0.25, SHGC of northwindow: 0.33 to 0.61Note: Italicized text refers to residential buildings. Shaded boxes and bold text highlight the moststringent requirements in a given category in the table. When countries have a range of requirements tocover different types of situations, the midpoint of this range is used as the point of comparison. N.A. =Not applicable.Six countries have towns or cities in the warm zone including Australia, China, India,Japan, South Korea and the United States. South Korea has the most stringentrequirements for roofs, followed closely by India and the United States. India appears tohave more stringent requirements for walls, followed by South Korea and the UnitedStates. Japan has the strictest thermal requirements for windows followed by the UnitedStates. There is a significant difference in the requirements for roof and walls in Chinaand Japan compared to the other countries in this climate zone. At the same time, forlarge office buildings in a warm climate, solar heat gain through windows is typically themost important envelope issue for energy efficiency. Figure 2 highlights the wall values,while Table 11 provides details on all the major envelope requirements.Figure 2 Comparison of U-factor Requirements for External Walls in the Warm Zone1.61.41.2U-factor10.80.6Roof (Low)Roof (High)Midpoint0.40.20Inchon, KoreaShanghai,CHN(Residential)Tokyo, JAP Atlanta, USA Shanghai,CHN(Commercial)Shillong, INDPerth, AUS40
Table 12 Thermal Characteristics of Roofs, Walls, Floors and Windows in the Warm ZoneCitiesPerth/GuildfordAUSShanghaiCHNShillong 33INDTokyo 34JAPInchon 35KORAtlantaUSAMaximum U-factors W/(m²·K)Roof External Wall Suspended Floor0.31 0.56 N.A.0.70 1.00 1.0Heavyconstruction:0.8 to 1.00.41 (Others)0.26 (24-hourbuildings)Heavyconstruction:1.0 to 1.50.35 (Others) to0.37 (24-hourbuildings)2.0N.A.1.52 to 0.76 1.33 to 1.00 N.A.0.29 0.470.27(Insulationabove deck)to 0.37(Metalbuilding)0.70 (Mass),0.64 (Metalbuilding), 0.48(Steel framed)0.35 (Floorheating) to0.41(Non floorheating)0.61 (Mass), 0.30(Steel-joist)Window IndicatorsAggregate conductancefactor not directlycomparable with U-factors 32Maximum U-factor: 4.7to 2.5 by WWR; SC:0.55/- to 0.40/0.50 byWWRMaximum U-factor:2.50 to 4.70 by WWRand outdoor conditionsMaximum U-factor is3.30, andmaximum SHGC is0.51Maximum U-factor is2.50 to 1.00,SHGC: 0.30 to 0.15.Maximum U-factor:3.0 (Apartment) to 3.4(Commercial)Maximum U-factor:3.24 to 2.61 by WWRSHGC: 0.39 to 0.19 byWWR,SHGC of northwindow: 0.49 to 0.26by WWRNote: Italicized text refers to residential buildings. Shaded boxes and bold text highlight the moststringent requirements in a given category. When countries have a range of requirements to coverdifferent types of situations, the midpoint of this range is used as the point of comparison. N.A. = Notapplicable.32 For more information, please see R.E. Horne et al. 2005. International comparison of building energyperformance standards, http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/content/2007/20070625_efficiency/RMIT.pdf.33 The ECO-III project office in India kindly provided information on climate conditions in India’s majorcities, which we used in this analysis.34 The maximum U-factor presented for Japan’s commercial building energy codes represents the values inthe midpoint score for each category in Japan’s scoring system.35 The maximum U-factor in Korea building energy codes is applied to all buildings regardless of buildingsize and usage based on the RBFCO. In some specific cases, it is possible that more stringent requirementsfrom the BDCES could apply based on the BDCES’s scoring system.41
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 18 and 19: JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69: certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73: Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75: AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77: CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79: Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81: USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83: Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85: CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87: USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89: AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91:
JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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