Shaping the Energy Efficiency in New Buildings - Building Energy ...

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JAP 1. Criteria for Clients on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Buildings 1999(CCREUB)2. Design and Construction Guidelines on the Rationalization of Energy Use forHouses 1999 (DCGREUH)3. Criteria for Clients on the Rationalization of Energy Use for Houses 1999(CCREUH)KOR Building Design Criteria for Energy Saving 2008 (BDCES)Rules for Building Facility Criteria & Otherwise 2008 (RBFCO)USA 1. International Energy Conservation Code 2006 (IECC)2. ASHRAE Standard 90.1 - Energy Standard for Buildings except Low-riseResidential Buildings 2007 (ASHRAE 90.1)1.6 Residential and Commercial BuildingsAustralia, Canada, China, Japan and the United States have separate building energycodes for commercial and residential buildings. India and South Korea’s building energycodes focus on buildings with large energy demands (Table 5).Broadly speaking, the residential codes in Australia, Canada and the United States coversingle-family homes and small multi-family residences, but not large, multi-familyresidences; the latter are covered under the commercial codes. China’s residentialbuilding energy codes refer to multi-family apartment buildings. Japan’s residential codecovers both large and small residential buildings. The commercial building energy codesin Australia, Canada and the United States cover large, conditioned buildings, regardlessof use, while the commercial or public building codes in China and Japan only coverlarge buildings used for non-residential purposes.Table 5 Definition of Residential and Commercial Buildings in APP CountriesResidential BuildingsCommercial BuildingsAUS The Australian codecovers all building issuesso it applies to a widerange of structures. Theresidential energyefficiency provisions ofthe code apply primarilyto: detached and attachedsingle-family houses, andboarding houses, guesthouses and hostels with atotal area not exceeding300 m 2 (BCA 2007).CANCHNSingle-family houses ofthree stories or less(MNECH 1997).Multi-family apartmentbuildings.The commercial energy efficiency provisions of the codeapply primarily to: large residential buildings, officebuildings, retail buildings, schools and health carebuildings as well as laboratories and production buildings(BCA 2007).New buildings and additions, including:1) Buildings more than three stories in height,2) Buildings of three stories or less having a buildingarea of more than 600 m 2 , and3) Buildings of three stories or less in building heightthat contain non-residential space (MNECB 1997).Educational, governmental, commercial and industrialbuildings.18
INDJAPKORUSAAll new buildings with a connected load of 500 kW or more, or a contract demand of600 kVA or greater, which generally includes buildings with conditioned floor spaceof 1,000 m 2 or more (ECBC 2008).Residential buildings of Commercial, educational, governmental and industrialany size.buildings.(1) Apartment buildings with over 50 households, (2) education/research/welfare orbusiness buildings greater than 3,000 m 2 , (3) hotels and hospitals over 2,000 m 2 , (4)department stores with a centralized cooling/heating system and over 3,000 m 2 , or (5)performance halls, gathering halls, and stadiums with total floor area over 10,000 m 2(BDCES 2008). Smaller buildings are also covered under South Korea’s Rules forBuilding Facility Criteria & Otherwise (RBFCO 2008).Residential buildings New building and their systems, new portions ofthree stories or less in buildings and their systems, new systems and equipmentheight above grade (IECC in existing buildings, excluding 1) single-family houses,2006) 11 multi-family structures of three stories or less abovegrade, manufactured houses, 2) buildings that do not useeither electricity or fossil fuel, or 3) equipment andportions of building systems that use energy primarily toprovide for industrial, manufacturing or commercialprocesses (ASHRAE 90.1-2007).1.7 Construction TrendsStandard construction practices differ significantly in APP countries. This is natural asbuildings must meet the climate and cultural needs of the people that occupy them.Construction practices can have a major impact on building energy use. For example, inIndia the shift from more traditional architectural with massive walls toward officebuildings made of glass and steel has led to a dramatic increase in the demand for airconditioning given the hot climate. Average Canadian new detached homes are probablyaround 280 square meters, which is smaller than those in the U.S., while high riseapartment buildings are likely consistent with those in the US.While it is beyond the scope of this report to provide detailed statistical analysis of thedifferences in construction practices in different APP countries, it is important tohighlight that these differences can influence building energy use. This is important ininterpreting differences in the building energy codes of APP countries. The buildingenergy codes in each country may also reflect these differences in construction practices.This section briefly touches on a few of the more important differences in constructiontrends.Heavy versus light construction Residential buildings in Asia tend to have heavierconstruction than their counterparts in Australia, Canada and the United States. Heavyconstruction tends to have more thermal mass than light construction, which can makeadopting strict energy requirements easier. Modern-style buildings do not have to rely onlight construction, but they may often rely on significant amounts of glass and steel intheir construction. Because of its solar heat gain and poor insulating characteristics, glass11 IECC 2006 has sections for both commercial and residential buildings. This description, based onChapter 4 of IECC 2006, is only for residential buildings.19
Page 1 and 2: PNNL-122267Shaping the Energy Effic
Page 3: Shaping the Energy Efficiency in Ne
Page 6 and 7: efficient air conditioning system,
Page 8 and 9: ContentsForeword ..................
Page 10 and 11: List of TablesTable 1 GDP, Primary
Page 12 and 13: ForewordBuildings account for about
Page 14 and 15: 1 Introduction and Background1.1 Im
Page 16 and 17: esidential buildings in 2006, with
Page 20 and 21: can significantly increase energy d
Page 22 and 23: f) South Korea’s building energy
Page 24 and 25: 2.1 AustraliaIn the past, Australia
Page 26 and 27: small cities will be pilot of such
Page 28 and 29: (DCGREUH) issued by the Ministry of
Page 30 and 31: according to the current codes. Thi
Page 32 and 33: Table 7 Structural Comparison of Bu
Page 34 and 35: 3.3 Building EnvelopeKey Findings A
Page 36 and 37: JAPCCREUH1999KORBDCES2008USAASHRAE9
Page 38 and 39: This study selects the midpoint sco
Page 40 and 41: MiamiUSA0.36(Insulationabove deck)t
Page 42 and 43: Six countries have jurisdictions in
Page 44 and 45: thermal requirements for roofs, flo
Page 46 and 47: Figure 6 Maximum U-factors in Resid
Page 48 and 49: Table 16 HVAC in Japan’s Building
Page 50 and 51: ItemsService water heating refers t
Page 52 and 53: Water conservation Canada has manda
Page 54 and 55: practice (MNECB 1997). India sets m
Page 56 and 57: Canada and India adopt compliance p
Page 58 and 59: Japan only supervises the building
Page 60 and 61: 4.2 Testing and RatingKey Findings
Page 62 and 63: Other commonly used tools among APP
Page 64 and 65: CAN 55MNECH1997CHNINDECBCJAPCanadia
Page 66 and 67: and local jurisdiction contact info
Page 68 and 69:
certifying third-party verifiers or
Page 70 and 71:
Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 72 and 73:
Point of ControlIncentives for Comp
Page 74 and 75:
AUS,continuedCANTesting Agencies an
Page 76 and 77:
CAN,continuedCHNTesting Agencies an
Page 78 and 79:
Testing Agencies and Certification
Page 80 and 81:
USA,continuedTesting Agencies and C
Page 82 and 83:
Appendix C - Compliance SoftwareAUS
Page 84 and 85:
CANMNECB1997,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 86 and 87:
USAIECC 2006,continuedSoftwareMetho
Page 88 and 89:
AUSBCA 2007,continuedCANMNECB1997CA
Page 90 and 91:
JAP,ContinuedKORUSAASHRAE90.1-2007T
Page 92 and 93:
AcronymsAPPAS/NZSASHRAEAUSBATFBCABD
Page 94 and 95:
ReferencesABCB (Australian Building
Page 96 and 97:
IEA (International Energy Agency).
Page 98:
OEE. 2008. Energy Use Data Handbook
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