HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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CD2-01-4 maxilla L portion w/ alveoli for I1 to M2, no teeth but alveoli openCD2-01-4 phalange manual, prox.or medialCD2-01-4 rib L frag.CD2-01-4A/1 parietal R portion of squamosal & lambdoidal sutureCD2-01-4A/2 metatarsal V R prox.1/2 shaftCD2-01-5 metatarsal IV R dist.1/2 shaft, healed sclerotic periostitisCD2-01-5"A" atlas A L side, 1/2 of superior articular pit, missing transverse processCD2-01-5"A" axis A nearly complete minus spinous processCD2-01-5"A" humerus ? portion of distal end including ulnar groove & humeral condyle portionCD2-01-5"A" long bone ? frag.CD2-01-5"A" temporal L portion w/out squamosal suture or petrous portionCD2-01-5"A" temporal L nearly complete, good conditionCD2-01-5"A" frag ? frag of cancellous boneCD2-01-5"A" vertebra A fragCD2-01-6 dist.phalange manual, completeCD2-01-6 occipital basilar and edges of foramen magnum, condyles brokenCD2-01-6B dist.phalange ? complete minus prox.end, dorsal surface of dist.end broken, small sizeCD2-01-6B upper I2 R complete, marked occlusal wear, LEH present, caries on labial surface between LEHCD2-01-6B prox.phalange ? manual, complete w/ detached prox.endCD2-01-6B prox.phalange L completeCD2-01-6B phalange ? manual, completeCD2-01-6B phalange ? manual, completeCD2-01-6B patella R complete, distal-posterior portion broken off, large size, poss.adultCD2-01-6B rib ? 17 shaft frags, 1 head fragCD2-01-6B rib ? head, articular surface & neckCD2-01-6B vertebra A thoracic, right portion w/ both articular surfacesCD2-01-7B metatarsal II L complete, good condition, poss.adultCD2-01-7B phalange ? pedal, complete big toeCD2-01-7B phalange ? manual, complete137
CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium & inferior ptn.of acetabulum, poss.cutmarks, poss.adultCD2-01-8B/1 metacarpal I L complete, good conditionCD2-01-8B/2 rib R nearly complete, vertebral end unfusedCD2-01-8B/3 radius R complete shaft, no ends, large size, poss.adult maleCD2-01-12"A" pelvis R iliac portion w/ greater sciatic notch & arcuate line, small ptn.of auricular surfaceCD2-01-13 rib L frag.CD2-01-15 fibula ? shaft, some superficial sclerosis, patch of healed periostitisCD2-01-15 maxilla R no teeth, antemortem loss of 2nd/3rd molar, P4, abcess for I1 & P3CD2-01-15 patella R medial 1/2CD2-01-15 tarsal ? 3 poss.fragsCD2-01-15 vertebra A cervical, body fragCD2-01-15 vertebra A thoracic, end plates not fused, poss.juvenileCD2-01-15A med.phalange manual, completeCD2-01-16 metatarsal V L prox.shaft w/ arthritic lippingCD2-1-3 talus R nearly complete, poss.arthritic lipping on headCD2-1-4 long bone ? epiphysis unfused, possible infant, porous metaphyseal textureCD2-1-5 metacarpal I ? shaftCD2-1-5 metatarsal IV R prox.1/2 shaft w/ arthritisCD2-1-5 prox.phalange manual, prox.1/2 shaftCD3-1-1/1 talus L dorsal 1/2 missingCD3-1-1/2 humerus R dist.1/2 shaft minus articular end, pits worn into cortical surfaceCD3-4-1 maxilla R ptn w/ sockets for I1 to P4, P3 & P4 still present, others lost post mortem, slight wear138
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
Page 97 and 98: 8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
Page 99 and 100: 88calculated an MNI at the level of
Page 101 and 102: 90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
Page 103 and 104: 92the operation and the cave seem m
Page 105 and 106: 94between these two types of activi
Page 107 and 108: 96represent the sample with evidenc
Page 109 and 110: 98The second group consists of eigh
Page 111 and 112: 100One of the deeper cut marks was
Page 113 and 114: 102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
Page 115 and 116: 104occur throughout the bone. The f
Page 117 and 118: 106The identification of human-made
Page 119 and 120: 108harsh effects of the active envi
Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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