CKP2-03-1/46 vertebra A thoracic, transverse process & body missingCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A cervical, 2 bodies, unfused epiphysesCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A cervical, interior articular surface w/ right laminaCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A lumbar, centrumCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A lumbar, centrumCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A lumbar, inferior articular processCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A lumbar, part of centrumCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A thoracic, inferior articular process w/ L transverse processCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A thoracic, R superior & inferior articular surfaces w/ R costal transverse proc. & pt.of spineCKP2-03-1/47 vertebra A thoracic, transervse processCKP2-03-1/48 clavicle L nearly complete, medial 2/3 portionCKP2-03-1/49 rib L shaft portion, possible rib 2CKP2-03-1/50 rib 20+ fragsCKP2-03-1/51 metatarsal V R prox.1/2 shaft w/ end, some concretionsCKP2-03-1/52 metatarsal V R prox.1/2 shaft w/ endCKP2-03-1/53 patella L anterior portion w/ articular facetCKP2-03-1/54 pieces long bone fragsCKP2-03-1/55 humerus L nearly complete shaft, no ends, fragmentary, chalky white, small size, poss.subadultCKP2-03-1/56 humerus R complete shaft, no ends, very wornCKP2-03-1/58 ulna R prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stained & wornCKP2-03-1/59 pieces many miscellaneous fragsCKP2-03-1/60 pelvis R part of acetabulum, greater sciatic notchCKP2-03-1/61 pelvis R inferior portion of acetabulum w/ ischial tuberosityCKP2-03-1/63 metatarsal III L completeCKP2-03-1/64 metacarpal I R nearly complete shaft, dist.end & prox.-dorsal end missingCKP2-03-1 pelvis R portion of ilium & ischium, wide sciatic notch, poss.adult female (35-45 yrs)CKP2-03-1 pelvis L complete ilium, ischium & sup.ramus of pubis, wide sciatic notch, poss.ad.female (50-60 yrs)CKP2-03-1 cranium nearly complete, poss.cranial deformation, poss.adult maleCKP2-03-1 cranium complete, poss.frontal & lambdoid flattening, poss.young adult femaleCKP2-03-1 pelvis R portion w/ ilium & ishium, wide sciatic notch, poss.adult female (35-40 yrs)CKP2-04-1/1 pelvis L greater sciatic notch, acetabulum, auricular surface, ischial body & spine, poss.adult maleCKP2-04-1/2 ulna L prox.1/2 shaft, no end, posterior portion of prox.head only173
CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft, no end, depressions worn on medial aspect, stainedCKP2-04-1/4 humerus L complete midshaft, no ends, stained & wornCKP2-06-1 decid.molar ? nearly complete crown, no roots, poss.subadultCKP2-06-1/1 sacrum A 1st sacral element, unfused epiphyses, pt.of R lateral mass, pieces of sacral crestCKP2-06-1/2 ulna ? midshaft portion, stainedCKP2-06-1/3 long bone ? 3 midshaftsCKP2-06-1/4 rib ? portion of shaftCKP2-06-1/5 femur L complete shaft, no dist.end, trochanters & head missing, complete neck, stained & polishedCKP2-07-1/1 temporal L petrous & mastoid portions, no mastoid process, external auditory meatus, stainedCKP2-07-1/2 femur ? posterior portion of dist.shaft, beginning of lateral condyleCKP2-07-1/3 long bone ? 7 midshaft portionsCKP2-07-1/4 pelvis ? subadult acetabulumCKP2-07-1/5 scapula ? glenoid fossa w/ lateral borderCKP2-07-1/6 scapula ? portion of lateral borderCKP2-07-1/7 sacrum A articular tubercleCKP2-07-1/8 long bone poss.articular surface frags, poss.tibiaCKP2-08-1/1 temporal R mastoid proc., glenoid proc., pt.of squama, petrous portions, sulcus for sigmoid sinusCKP2-08-1/2 temporal L part of mastoid process, squama, petrous portion, sinus sulcusCKP2-08-1/3 temporal L no mastoid proc, no petrous portion, sinus sulcus & petrous portion presentCKP2-08-1/4 pelvis L pt.of acetabulum w/ greater sciatic notch & ilium portionCKP2-08-1/5 femur L prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stainedCKP2-08-1/6 frontal nasal spine, sinuses, L&R supraorbital tori, stainedCKP2-08-1/7 scapula ? glenoid fossaCKP2-08-1/8 scapula L greater scapular notch, part of acromion processCKP2-08-1/9 metacarpal ? midshaft onlyCKP2-08-1/10 sacrum A 1st sacral element, centrum only, superior articular processCKP2-08-1/11 scapula L nearly complete, acromion process & body, scapular blade missing, coracoid process, concretionsCKP2-08-1/12 parietal ? portion w/ meningeal vessels, stainedCKP2-08-1/13 vertebra A thoracic, body & superior articular processCKP2-08-1/14 frontal portion w/ surpraorbital torus, stained & worn174
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
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96represent the sample with evidenc
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98The second group consists of eigh
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100One of the deeper cut marks was
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102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
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104occur throughout the bone. The f
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106The identification of human-made
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108harsh effects of the active envi
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110did not affect this particular b
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112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
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114processed for secondary burial (
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116in mind that this and the many o
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118an adult male recovered from an
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120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
- Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
- Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
- Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
- Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
- Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
- Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
- Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
- Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
- Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
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- Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
- Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
- Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
- Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
- Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
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- Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
- Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
- Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
- Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
- Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
- Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
- Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
- Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
- Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
- Page 183: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
- Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
- Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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