HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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CS5-10-1 radius R dist.2/3 shaft, no end, small size, poss.subadultCS7-04-1 capitate L complete, slight wear to expose trabecular boneCS7-04-1 frags ? 5 podial fragsCS7-04-1 lunate L completeCS7-04-1 lunate L completeCS7-04-1 lunate R completeCS7-04-1 lunate R completeCS7-04-1 prox.phalange ? manual, prox.end, poss.adultCS7-04-1 prox.phalange ? manual, unfused prox.epiphysis, poss.subadultCS7-04-1 rib ? 10+ shaft fragsCS7-04-1 scaphoid R completeCS7-04-1 vertebra A body frag, unfused epiphyses, poss.subadultCS8-01-1/1 humerus R complete shaft, very robust deltoid tuberosity, no articular ends, concretions, poss.adultCS8-01-1/2 long bone ? shaft frag, stained blackCS8-01-1/3 ulna R 2/3 shaft w/ prox.articular end, no olecrenon process, stained & polished, poss.adultCS8-01-1/4 humerus R dist.articular end w/ septal aperture (8.85 mm), trochlea & med.epicondyle intactCS8-01-1/5 fibula L nearly complete shaft, no ends, stained & polished, poss.adultCS8-01-1/6 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft, portion of tibial tuberosity, portion of medial articular surface, poss.adultCS8-01-1/7 femur L prox.2/3 shaft w/ femoral neck, fused < trochanter, unfused femoral head, poss.adol. (robust)CS8-01-1/8 femur R complete shaft w/ femoral neck, < trochanter (worn), stained & worn, poss.adultCS8-01-1/9 femur R complete shaft w/ femoral neck, no dist.end, trochanters worn, stained & polished, poss.adultCS9-01-1/1 cranial ? fragmentCS9-01-1/2 humerus ? dist.portion, no end, dorsal aspect broken offCS9-01-1/3 long bone ? shaft fragCS9-01-1/4 humerus ? midshaft portion, stained, cortical bone flaked offCS9-01-1/5 humerus L prox.portion, stained & polishedCS9-02-1 B2 tibia R central 1/3 shaft, posterior aspect, surface wornCS9-02-1 B4 humerus L central midshaft portion, cortical bone flaking off, stained & worn, poss.adultCS9-02-1 B5 long bone ? 2 shaft frags161
CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft, no end, cortex worn medial-laterally, stained & polished, poss.subadultCS9-02-1 D6 tibia R central shaft portion, stained & polished, poss.subadultCS9-03-1/1 femur L prox.1/2 shaft w/ femoral neck, no head & trochanters, stained & polished, poss.adultCS9-03-1/2 tibia R prox.2/3 shaft, no end, posterior portion flaked off, stained & polished, poss.adultCS9-03-1/3 tibia R prox.2/3 shaft, stained, friable, poss.adultCS9-03-1/4 tibia R central midshaft portion, worn, stained & polished, poss.subadultCS9-03-1/5 humerus R dist.2/3 shaft, no end, stained, large size, poss.adult maleCS9-03-1/6 parietal L-R portion w/ fused sagittal suture, inner table stained & polished, poss.older adultCS9-03-1/7 parietal R complete, all sutures present & intact, very worn, stained, artic.w/ CS9-03-1/13 L parietalCS9-03-1/8 occipital R portion w/ lambdoidal suture, articulates w/ CS9-03-1/7 R parietalCS9-03-1/9 long bone ? 2 shaft frags, one is stained on the outer table & friableCS9-03-1/10 parietal R nearly complete, coronal, sagittal & lambdoidal sutures present, surface stained & wornCS9-03-1/11 occipital L portion w/ interior occipital crest, stained & polishedCS9-03-1/12 pariet/occip L portion w/ lambdoidal suture, articulates w/ CS9-03-1/8 R occipitalCS9-03-1/13 parietal L portion w/ sagittal & lambdoidal sutures, articulates w/ CS9-03-1/7 R parietalCS9-03-1/14 frontal nearly complete, superior portion of L orbit, thin cran.vault, coronal suture present, poss.childCS9-03-1/15 cranial ? 20+ frags; 2 parietal frags w/ suturesCS9-03-1 #3172 occipital portion w/ internal occipital protuberanceCS9-03-1 #32 maxilla R alveolar portion w/ sockets for C, P3, P4, M1, stained & polishedCS9-03-1 #32 occipital nearly complete w/ small portion of parietal, outer table worn, poss.adultCS9-03-1 #33 long bone ? shaft frag, 2 piecesCS9-03-1 #33 parietal ? 1 frag, stained & wornCS9-03-1 B1 occipital portion w/ internal occipital crestCS9-03-1 B10 parietal R nearly complete, temporal & lambdoidal sutures present, exposed diploe, poss.yng adultCS9-03-1 B12 humerus R prox.1/4 shaft, no end, fragmentary, medial portion broken, stained & worn, poss.subadultCS9-03-1 B13 parietal R portion w/ sagittal suture, poss.adultCS9-03-1 B14 occipital complete, both tables stained, poss.young adultCS9-03-1 B15 frontal small portion w/ frontal crest, outer table worn to expose diploe, poss.childCS9-03-1 B16 parietal R nearly complete, all sutures present, worn, stained & polished, poss.adultCS9-03-1 B17 tibia L central midshaft portion, cortex stained & worn, stained & polished, small size, poss.subadultCS9-03-1 B19/1 long bone ? 2 frags, stained & polished162
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
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96represent the sample with evidenc
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98The second group consists of eigh
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100One of the deeper cut marks was
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102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
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104occur throughout the bone. The f
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106The identification of human-made
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108harsh effects of the active envi
Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
Page 171: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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