HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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APPENDIX IV<strong>IN</strong>VENTORY FOR CUEVA DE SANGRELot Bone Side DescriptionCS1-13-2 med.phalange ? manual, completeCS1-33-1 lower molar L complete, considerable wear, poss.adultCS1-46-1 premolars R complete P3 & P4, slight wear, poss.adultCS1-46-1 prox.phalange ? manual, nearly complete, no prox.endCS1-46-1 upper I1 L complete, modification on lateral aspect, poss.adultCS1-75-1 tibia R central midshaft portionCS1-77-2 lower I2 L complete, some wearCS1-77-2/1 clavicle R dist.articular end, poss.adultCS1-77-2/1 humerus R dist.end of shaft & shaft frag, posterior aspect, no endCS1-77-2/1 long bone ? humeral/femoral head fragCS1-77-2/1 pelvis ? iliac crest fragCS1-77-2/1 pelvis R iliac portion w/ superior aspect of auricular surfaceCS1-77-2/1 sacrum A posterior portion of sacral element, possible S1, concretionsCS1-77-2/1 scapula L acromion process, poss.adultCS1-77-2/1 vertebra A 3 neural arch fragsCS1-77-2/2 mandible complete, no R asc.ramus & L articular condyle, L&R P4 & M1(heavy wear), poss.adult maleCS1-77-2/3 dist.phalange ? complete, poss.arthritic/osteophytic lippingCS1-77-2/3 hamate L completeCS1-77-2/3 med.phalange ? complete, concretion on prox.endCS1-77-2/3 metacarpal ? shaft frag, no ends155
CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect of S1, parts of the ala, concretionsCS1-77-2/3 vertebra A lumbar, centrum w/ osteophytic lipping, concretions dorsal aspectCS1-78-2 lower i2 L nearly complete, no root, poss.subadultCS1-78-2 premolars 3 nearly complete lower premolars, no roots, poss.subadultCS1-78-2/1 dist.phalange ? pedal, completeCS1-78-2/1 femur ? 2 dist.articular condyles, 1 unfused epiphyseal frag.CS1-78-2/1 humerus ? midshaft frag, concretionCS1-78-2/1 metacarpal I L ventral-prox.portion w/ articular endCS1-78-2/1 metacarpal I L complete, osteophytic growth on lateral aspect of dist.articular facet, prox.dorsal aspect missingCS1-78-2/1 metacarpal II L nearly complete, no dist.endCS1-78-2/1 metacarpal V L prox.1/2 shaft, no dist.endCS1-78-2/1 metatarsal ? prox.1/2 shaft, no endCS1-78-2/1 navicular R nearly complete, medial portion missingCS1-78-2/1 prox.phalange ? manual, dist.1/2 shaftCS1-78-2/1 prox.phalange ? pedal, 2 completeCS1-78-2/1 radius L dist.1/3 shaft, lateral portion missing, some concretions, poss.adultCS1-78-2/1 radius R central 1/3 shaft frag, rodent gnawing, poss.adultCS1-78-2/1 rib ? shaft fragCS1-78-2/1 ulna R complete shaft, no ends, good preservation, poss.adultCS1-78-2/1 vertebra A cervical, centrumCS1-78-2/1 vertebra A cervical, centrum & portion of R neural arch, epiphyses unfusedCS1-78-2/1 vertebra A 1 transverse process fragCS1-78-2/1 vertebra A 4 neural arch fragsCS1-91-1 femur ? nearly complete femoral head, neck portion, poss.adultCS1-94-1 talus L nearly complete, posterior calcaneal articular surface missing, small size, poss.subadultCS2-03-43 long bone ? cortical frag, charred, calcined on outer surfaceCS2-03-43 prox.phalange ? pedal, digit 1, nearly complete, no dist.end, charred, calcined on prox.plantar surfaceCS2-10-1 lower molar R nearly complete, root still forming, poss.subadult156
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
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96represent the sample with evidenc
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98The second group consists of eigh
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100One of the deeper cut marks was
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102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
Page 115 and 116: 104occur throughout the bone. The f
Page 117 and 118: 106The identification of human-made
Page 119 and 120: 108harsh effects of the active envi
Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
Page 165: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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