HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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CS2-10-1 upper p3 L nearly complete, root forming, poss.subadultCS2-10-1/1 humerus L dist.2/3 shaft, no end, small size, poss.childCS2-10-1/2 long bone ? portion of shaft, poss.radius or ulna, small size, poss.childCS2-10-1/2 rib ? fragmentCS2-10-1/3 talus R superior 2/3 portion, small size, unfused epiphyses, poss.childCS2-10-1/4 long bone ? shaft frags, poss.humerus, small size, poss.childCS2-10-1/5 humerus R dist.2/3 shaft, no end, broken in 1/2, some concretions, small size, poss.childCS2-10-1/6 femur L nearly complete, femoral neck, unfused head & trochanters, poss.childCS2-11-1 canines 3 nearly complete, roots broken off, no wear, poss.subadultCS2-11-1 incisors 4 nearly complete, roots forming, no wear, poss.subadultCS2-11-1 mandible L alveolar portion w/ intact C-M1, slight wear, poss.adultCS2-11-1 molars 9 nearly complete, roots forming or broken off, poss.subadultCS2-11-1 premolars 6 nearly complete, 2 complete, no wear, poss.adult & subadultCS2-11-1/1 capitate L completeCS2-11-1/1 dist.phalange ? pedal, 2 shafts, poss.digits 2-4CS2-11-1/1 dist.phalange ? pedal, dist.end, poss.digit 1CS2-11-1/1 dist.phalange ? pedal, 2 complete, poss.digit 1CS2-11-1/1 inter.cuneiform R dorsal portionCS2-11-1/1 lat.cuneiform L dist.1/2, lytic lesion on plantar end of articular facet for metatarsal III, circumscribed borderCS2-11-1/1 long bone ? 100+ fragsCS2-11-1/1 long bone ? unfused epiphysis, femoral/humeral head, trabecular boneCS2-11-1/1 med.phalange ? pedal, 2 shaft frags, no articular endsCS2-11-1/1 patella L nearly complete, poss.adultCS2-11-1/1 pelvis ? iliac crest fragCS2-11-1/1 pisiform L completeCS2-11-1/1 prox.phalange ? pedal, 3 nearly complete, poss. digits 2-4CS2-11-1/1 prox.phalange ? pedal, complete, poss.digit 2, concretions on dist.endCS2-11-1/1 prox.phalange ? manual, completeCS2-11-1/1 rib ? 5 shaft fragsCS2-11-1/1 scaphoid L lateral 1/2CS2-11-1/1 triquetral L completeCS2-11-1/1 vertebra A 3 centrum frags157
CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft, no ends, good preservation, poss.adultCS2-11-1/3 humerus L complete shaft, no ends, broken 1/3 of the way downCS2-11-1/4 tooth roots ? 4 frags, no enamel/crownsCS2-11-1/5 med.phalange ? manual, 3 shafts minus dist.epiphysesCS2-11-1/5 med.phalange ? manual, 3 completeCS2-11-1/5 med.phalange ? manual, 1 nearly complete minus dist.endCS2-11-1/5 med.phalange ? manual, 1 nearly complete minus prox.endCS2-11-1/5 phalange ? manual, shaft minus articular endCS2-11-1/5 phalange ? manual, 3 complete prox.epiphyses unfused, subadultCS2-11-1/5 prox.phalange ? manual, epiphysis unfused, nearly complete, poss.lytic lesion @ center 1mm diam.CS2-11-1/5 prox.phalange ? manual, 4 completeCS3-04-1 sternum superior aspect, poss.adultCS4-01-1/1 femur R prox.2/3 shaft, prox.epiphyses unfused, part of < trochanter, no dist.end, poss.childCS4-01-1/2 calcaneus L complete, unfused epiphysesCS4-01-1/3 tibia L unfused prox.lateral epiphysis, poss.childCS4-01-1/4 humerus L dist.1/2 shaft, no end, small size, poss.childCS4-01-1/5 tibia L complete shaft, no ends, small size, poss.childCS4-01-1/6 tibia R central shaft frag, small size, poss.childCS4-01-1/7 femur L dist.1/2 shaft, no end, small size, poss.child, paired w/ CS4-01-1/1 R femurCS5-01-1/1 humerus R prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stained red, pronounced muscle attachment, poss.adultCS5-01-1/2 femur R prox.1/2 shaft, no end, small size, stained & polished (red), poss.childCS5-01-1/3 mandible inferior portion w/ mental spine & protuberance, stained & polished (red)CS5-01-1/4 long bone ? 8+ cortical fragsCS5-01-1/5 pelvis L post.aspect of acetabulum, auric.surface & ischial tuberosity, narrow sciatic notch, poss.ad.maleCS5-01-1/6 femur L nearly complete, no dist.end, stained reddish color, flaking, poss.adult maleCS5-01-1/6 femur R nearly complete, no dist.end, heavy concretions, poss.ad.male, paired w/ CS5-01-1/6 L femurCS5-01-1/7 temporal R portion w/ mandibular fossa & portion of zygomatic processCS5-01-1/8 humerus L trochlea portionCS5-05-1/1 humerus R dist.2/3 shaft, no end158
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
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96represent the sample with evidenc
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98The second group consists of eigh
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100One of the deeper cut marks was
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102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
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104occur throughout the bone. The f
Page 117 and 118: 106The identification of human-made
Page 119 and 120: 108harsh effects of the active envi
Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 167: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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