CNP2-24-1/1 mandible L complete body minus ascending ramus, alveoli for central & lateral incisors to M3, @ least 18 yrsCNP2-24-1/2 mandible L mental protuberance, sockets for L&R canines, L P3 & P4, L/R I2CNP2-24-1/3 mandible L horizontal ramus & left 1/2 of mental protuberanceCNP2-24-1/4 humerus R complete shaft, no ends, dist.end stainedCNP2-24-1/5 humerus R complete shaft, no endsCNP2-24-1/6 femur L complete shaft, no ends, portion of < trochanter, popliteal surface & neck, poss.cutmarks, poss.adultCNP2-24-1/7 temporal L nearly complete, portion of zygomatic process, large mastoid process, stained, poss.adultCNP2-24-1/8 femur ? shaft portion, very robust, broken ends wornCNP2-24-1/9 vertebra A spinous process & portion of body around vertebral foramen, worn to expose cancellous boneCNP2-24-1/11 humerus R dist.1/3 shaft, no end, chalky white appearance, small size, poss.subadultCNP2-24-1/12 humerus R dist.1/3 shaft, no end, stained, cortex flaking offCNP2-24-1/13 humerus R prox.1/3 shaft, no end, stained & polishedCNP2-24-1/14 femur L nearly complete shaft, no ends, stained & polished, worn, small size, poss.subadultCNP2-24-1/16 femur L prox.2/3 shaft, no end, poss.adultCNP2-24-1/17 femur R complete shaft, prox.end w/ head & neck portion, no dist.end, chalky white appearance, poss.adultCNP2-24-1/18 femur ? midshaft portionCNP2-24-1/19 occipital portion of internal occipital crest & cerebral fossae, stained, pinhole appearanceCNP2-24-1/20 tibia R midshaft potion, robust, poss.adult male, stained & polishedCNP2-24-1/21 long bone ? 100+ frags - tibia, femur, radius, ulna, humerus fragsCNP2-24-1/24 temporal R portion w/ zygomatic process, both tables stained & polishedCNP2-24-1/26 radius L prox.1/2 shaft, no end, part of radial tuberosity presentCNP2-24-1/28 cranial ? 10 frags, stained & polishedCNP2-24-1/29 femur L prox.1/2 shaft, anterior portion missing, chalky white appearanceCNP2-24-1/31 humerus ? 2 shaft portionsCNP2-24-1/33 tibia R midshaft portion, stained & worn, chalky appearanceCNP2-24-1/34 tibia R midshaft portion, stained & wornCNP2-24-1/35 tibia R midshaft portion, stained & wornCNP2-25-1/1 tibia R central midshaft portion, no end, stained, poss.adultCNP2-25-1/2 parietal L edges & sutures broken away, both tables stainedCNP2-25-1/3 long bone ? 3 fragsCNP2-25-1/4 humerus ? 3 shaft frags147
CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP2-26-1/2 temporal R posterior portion w/ zygomatic process, temporal suture present, stained & polishedCNP2-26-1/3 parietal R nearly complete, stained, gnaw marks on eminence, both tables stained, poss.adultCNP2-26-1/4 tibia R central midshaft, stained & polished, small size, poss.childCNP2-26-1/5 femur L nearly complete shaft, but fragmentary, no ends, stained & wornCNP2-26-1/6 femur L 2/3 prox.shaft w/ neck, good condition, small size, poss.childCNP2-26-1/7 parietal R portion w/ sagittal suture, edges worn, stained & polished, pinhole appearanceCNP2-26-1 femur R midshaft portion, poss.subadultCNP2-26-1 frontal R flattened forehead, surface erodedCNP2-26-1 humerus L dist.1/2 shaft, poss.subadultCNP2-26-1 mandible R portion of ramus, unerupted M3, poss.subadult, < 18 yrs.CNP2-26-1 mandible L body frag w/ sockets for M2 & P3 (resorbing), all teeth lost antemortemCNP2-26-1 parietal R nearly complete, surface erodedCNP2-26-1 parietal L-R sagittal sectionCNP2-26-1 pelvis R ischial portion w/ sciatic notchCNP2-26-1 radius ? 2 fragsCNP2-26-1 tibia L shaft, surface erodedCNP2-26-1 tibia ? 2 fragsCNP2-26-1 ulna R shaft, surface erodedCNP2-26-1 ulna R prox.1/3 shaft, surface erodedCNP2-27-1/1 frontal ptn w/ frontal crest, outer table stained & polished, poss.cranial deform., thin cran.vault, poss.subadultCNP2-27-1/2 long bone ? small shaft, no ends, white appearance, poss.childCNP2-27-1/3 occipital nearly complete, lambdoidal suture present, both tables stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-27-1/4 long bone ? shaft portion, poss.femurCNP2-27-1/5 femur R complete shaft, no ends, cortex worn, poss.childCNP2-27-1 femur R shaft, poss.subadult, < 10 yearsCNP2-27-1 humerus ? 3 frags, don't join upCNP2-27-1 M1 L complete, some wearCNP2-27-1 molar R complete, poss.1st or 2nd molar, some wear, cervical cariesCNP2-27-1 parietal R superior/posterior cornerCNP2-27-1 parietal ? 4 fragsCNP2-27-1 radius L prox.1/2 shaftCNP2-27-1 radius L shaft, small size, poss.subadult, < 10 years148
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
- Page 107 and 108: 96represent the sample with evidenc
- Page 109 and 110: 98The second group consists of eigh
- Page 111 and 112: 100One of the deeper cut marks was
- Page 113 and 114: 102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
- Page 115 and 116: 104occur throughout the bone. The f
- Page 117 and 118: 106The identification of human-made
- Page 119 and 120: 108harsh effects of the active envi
- Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
- Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
- Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
- Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
- Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
- Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
- Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
- Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
- Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
- Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
- Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
- Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
- Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
- Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
- Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
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- Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
- Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
- Page 157: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
- Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
- Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
- Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
- Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
- Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
- Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
- Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
- Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
- Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
- Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
- Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
- Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
- Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
- Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
- Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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