HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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CNP2-30-1/5 parietal L-R large frag.w/ sagittal suture, larger portion (L), fused sutures, poss.adultCNP2-30-1/6 long bone ? 3 shaft frags, poss.humerus fragsCNP2-30-1/9 long bone ? portion of long bone w/ concretionsCNP2-30-1/11 long bone ? miscellaneous fragsCNP2-30-1/12 cranial ? 5 frags, parietal & frontal frag, stained & polished, worn edgesCNP2-31-1 M1/2 L fossilizedCNP2-31-1 P4 L fossilizedCNP2-31-1 ulna R midshaft fragCNP2-31-1 ulna R dist.shaft, patch of sclerotic bone on anterior surfaceCNP2-32-1 femur L shaft, surface covered w/ stalagtiteCNP2-32-1 femur ? shaft w/ irregular sclerotic periostitisCNP2-32-1 humerus ? shaftCNP2-32-1 I2 L complete, shoveled, filed (A4)CNP2-32-1 tibia L shaft, surface erosionCNP2-33-1/1 femur R complete shaft, no ends, worn, stained & polished, poss.young adultCNP2-33-1/2 cranial ? 4 frags, stained & polishedCNP2-33-1/3 humerus L dist.1/3 shaft, no end, small size, stained & polishedCNP2-33-1/4 long bone ? 20+ frags, stainedCNP2-36-1 M1 L complete, roots eroded, fossilizedCNP2-36-1 M1 R complete, roots eroded, fossilizedCNP2-36-1 M1/2 L nearly complete, root broken, very little wearCNP2-41-1 tibia L shaftNOTE: Skeletal elements in bold type were inventoried by Wright (unpublished notes 1994) and are not included in the sampleanalyzed in this study.151
APPENDIX III<strong>IN</strong>VENTORY FOR CUEVA DE RIO MURCIELAGOSLot Bone Side DescriptionCRM-05-1 femur L prox.1/2 midshaft, no end, linea aspera worn, post.aspect stained, concretionsCRM-05-1 humerus L dist.1/2 shaft minus articular end, polished & wornCRM-05-1 radius R prox.1/3 shaft, no end, pronounced interosseous margin, stained & polishedCRM-06-1 femur L nearly complete shaft, no ends, ptn of less trochanter, poss.gnaw marks on anterior face, S&PCRM1-04-5 phalange ? manual, complete shaft, unfused epiphyses, poss.subadultCRM1-06-3 D27 mandible R alveolus frag w/ Li2 to Rp3, teeth show little wear, highly friable, stained, poss.child (3-5 yrs)CRM1-06-4 D27 i2 L crown complete, root broken, alveolus frag.attached, caries on mesial surfaceCRM3-01-1/1 temp-occip R occipital portion w/ nuchal crest; temporal portion w/ mastoid proc., ext.aud.meatus, petrosal ptnCRM3-01-1/2 occipital nearly complete, pronounced nuchal area, good condition, both tables stainedCRM3-01-1/3 cranial 4 cranial vault frags, possible parietalCRM3-01-1/3 cranial 17 fragile cranial fragsCRM3-01-1/3 long bone 4 fragsCRM3-01-1/4 long bone femur or tibia shaft frag, polishedCRM3-01-1/4 cranial 6 fragile cranial frags, embedded in cave concretionsCRM3-01-1/5 zygomatic L complete process w/ portion of inferior orbitCRM3-01-1/5 nasal complete w/ heavy concretions, portion of nasal apertureCRM3-01-1/5 maxilla portion w/ left P4 & M1 intact, sockets for C, P3, P4, M1, heavy concretions, maxillary molarCRM3-01-1/6 ulna R complete midshaft, no ends, cortex flaking off, stainedCRM3-01-1 cranium complete, tabular oblique deformation, all sutures open, poss.young adult femaleCRM3-01-1 cranium nearly complete, no facial bones, no deformation, poss.adult male152
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
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96represent the sample with evidenc
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98The second group consists of eigh
Page 111 and 112: 100One of the deeper cut marks was
Page 113 and 114: 102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
Page 115 and 116: 104occur throughout the bone. The f
Page 117 and 118: 106The identification of human-made
Page 119 and 120: 108harsh effects of the active envi
Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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