HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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CNP2-04-1/5 femur L prox.2/3 shaft, no end, heavily worn cortex, stained, small size, poss.subadultCNP2-04-1/6 humerus ? midshaft portion, heavily worn cortexCNP2-04-1/7 tibia R central midshaft, medial aspect very worn (holes), stained & polishedCNP2-04-1/8 frontal nearly complete, portion of L superior orbit present, outer table stained & worn, poss.adultCNP2-04-2 parietal R lambdoid edgeCNP2-04-2 radius ? midshaft fragCNP2-04-2 tibia R frag w/ anterior crestCNP2-04-2 ulna R prox.2/3 shaft w/ head, erodedCNP2-04-2 vertebra A thoracic, upper body frag and L pedicleCNP2-05-1 ulna R prox.1/3 shaft w/ portion of coronoid process, crackedCNP2-05-1 femur L prox.shaft, erodedCNP2-05-1 femur ? midshaft frag, erodedCNP2-05-1 radius R dist.1/2 shaft, erodedCNP2-06-1/1 femur R complete shaft, no ends, dist.end stained, poss.adultCNP2-06-1/2 femur R prox.2/3 shaft, no end, part of lesser trochanter & neck, poss.adult, poss.paired w/ CNP2-06-1/3CNP2-06-1/3 femur L nearly complete shaft, no dist.end, part of neck, cortex worn, stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-06-1 humerus R dist.1/2 shaft, poss.subadultCNP2-06-1 mandible L portion w/ sockets from M2-I2, no teeth, poss.adult femaleCNP2-06-1 radius R shaft, eroded surfaceCNP2-06-1 ulna R midshaft portion, eroded surface, poss.adultCNP2-07-1/1 humerus L complete, no lateral aspect of head, good condition, stained, poss.adultCNP2-07-1/2 ulna L prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stained & polishedCNP2-07-1/3 humerus L dist.1/2 shaft, no end, stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-07-1/4 humerus R prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stained & polished, pronounced muscle attachment, poss.adultCNP2-07-1/5 humerus L prox.1/3 shaft, no end, cracked & stainedCNP2-07-1/6 femur L nearly complete shaft, no ends, stained & polished (black), robust, poss.adultCNP2-07-1/7 femur ? central midshaft portion, cortex very worn, stained & polishedCNP2-07-1/8 femur R nearly complete shaft, no ends, part of lesser trochanter, stained & polishedCNP2-07-1/9 femur L prox.2/3 shaft, no end, part of neck, cortex flaking off, stained & polished141
CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stainedCNP2-07-1/11 femur ? central midshaft, cortex worn, stainedCNP2-07-1/12 femur ? central midshaft, posterior side very fragmentary, worn & stainedCNP2-07-1/13 femur R nearly complete shaft, no ends, poss.subadult, poss.cutmarks on anterior face, stained & polishedCNP2-07-1/14 femur L dist.portion w/out condyles, popliteal surface, stained & wornCNP2-07-1/15 radius L central midshaft portion, poss.adultCNP2-07-1/16 ulna ? midshaft fragCNP2-07-1/17 tibia ? shin fragmentCNP2-07-1/18 femur L complete shaft, no ends, pronounced lateral bump, poss.adult male, poss.cutmarks on lateral aspectCNP2-07-1/18 femur R complete shaft, no ends, pronounced lateral bump, paired w/ CNP2-07-1/18 L femur, poss.adult maleCNP2-08-1/1 ulna ? central midshaft portion, stained & polishedCNP2-08-1/2 tibia L central 1/3 midshaft portionCNP2-08-1/3 femur L complete shaft, no ends, stained, small size, poss.subadultCNP2-08-1/4 femur L nearly complete shaft, no ends, cortex very worn, crack on anterior face, stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-08-1/5 femur L prox.1/2 shaft, no end, cortex very worn, poss.cutmarks on prox-ant.face, stained, poss.adultCNP2-08-1/6 femur L complete shaft, no ends, stained, robust, poss.adultCNP2-08-1/8 femur L prox.1/4 shaft, no end, part of neckCNP2-08-1/9 ulna R prox.1/2 shaft, no end, stained & polishedCNP2-08-1/10 humerus R dist.1/2 shaft, no end, stained & polished (black), poss.adultCNP2-08-1/11 humerus ? central shaft portion, polishedCNP2-08-1/12 tibia L nearly complete shaft, no ends, stained & polished, worn, poss.adultCNP2-08-1/13 tibia R central midshaft, stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-08-1/14 tibia R complete shaft, no ends, stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-08-1/15 tibia R central midshaft, fragmentary, cortex very worn, stained & polished, poss.adultCNP2-09-1 femur R prox.1/2 shaft, poss.subadultCNP2-09-1 humerus ? 2 fragsCNP2-09-1 parietal R fragCNP2-09-1 tibia R shaft, surface erosion w/ poss.sclerotic striae on anterior sideCNP2-09-1 tibia R dist.shaftCNP2-10-1/1 femur R complete shaft w/ head & neck ptn, no dist.end & trochanters, A-P bowing w/ pronounced linea aspera142
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
Page 101 and 102: 90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
Page 103 and 104: 92the operation and the cave seem m
Page 105 and 106: 94between these two types of activi
Page 107 and 108: 96represent the sample with evidenc
Page 109 and 110: 98The second group consists of eigh
Page 111 and 112: 100One of the deeper cut marks was
Page 113 and 114: 102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
Page 115 and 116: 104occur throughout the bone. The f
Page 117 and 118: 106The identification of human-made
Page 119 and 120: 108harsh effects of the active envi
Page 121 and 122: 110did not affect this particular b
Page 123 and 124: 112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
Page 125 and 126: 114processed for secondary burial (
Page 127 and 128: 116in mind that this and the many o
Page 129 and 130: 118an adult male recovered from an
Page 131 and 132: 120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
Page 133 and 134: 122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
Page 151: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185 and 186: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 187 and 188: CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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