HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIENT MAYA IN THE ...

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CKP2-08-1/15 cranial ? 8 frags, stainedCKP2-08-1/16 long bone ? 5 frags, stainedCKP2-08-1/17 sacrum A 7 frags, possible coccygeal fragCKP2-08-1/18 vertebra A 2 centrum frags, neural arch fragsCKP2-08-1/19 pedal bones L complete dist.phalange, complete L navicular, complete L int.cuneiformCKP2-08-1/20 frags miscellaneous bone fragsCKP6-02-1/1 femur R complete shaft, no ends, groove worn out on dist.1/3 medial surface, stained & polishedCKP6-02-1/2 femur R complete shaft, no ends, heavily worn, stained & polishedCKP6-02-1/3 long bone ? 3 shaft fragsCKP7-06-1 upper M2 R complete, considerable wear, attached to alveolus portion w/ sockets for P3-M2, poss.adultCKP7-07-1/2 femur L complete shaft, no ends, large popliteal surface, concretions on prox-post.side, poss.adult maleCKP7-07-1/3 femur L prox.2/3 shaft, no end, hole worn on anterior face, concretions, stained & polished (black)CKP7-07-1/4 frontal complete, good condition, anterior side completely covered w/ concretionsCKP7-07-1/5 temporal L ext.auditory meatus, mandibular fossa, squamous portion, no mastoid proc., stained w/ concretionsCKP7-07-1/6 temporal L petrous portionCKP7-07-1/7 parietal L complete, outer table covered w/ concretions, goes w/ CKP7-07-1/4CKP7-07-1/8 parietal R nearly complete but fragmentary, portion w/ sagittal sutureCKP7-08-1 cranium complete, no cranial deformation, poss.adult maleCKP9-01-1 femur R CKP 38-41; prox.2/3 shaft, no end, wornCKP9-04-1 canine L CKP-C51; complete, considerable wear, poss.adultCKP9-04-1 lower molars L CKP-C51; 1 complete, 2 nearly complete w/ caries, considerable wear, poss.adultCKP9-04-1 mandible L-R CKP-C51; mandibular portion, no ascending ramus, 1 tooth(PM/C?)CKP9-04-1 tibia L CKP-C51; central midshaft, bump on medial surface, stainedCKP9-05-1 frontal CKP 56-62; L supraorbital torus w/ zygomatic process, stained & polishedCKP9-05-1 tibia ? CKP 56-62; midshaft portion w/ concretions, other frag w/ heavy concretions, stained & polished175
CKP9-06-1 tibia R CKP 62-63; prox.1/2 shaft, no end, poss.subadultCKP9-07-1 femur L CKP Sta.63; complete midshaft, no ends, worn, stained & polished (black)NOTE: Skeletal elements in bold type were inventoried by Wright (unpublished notes 1994) and are not included in the sampleanalyzed in this study.176
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HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS OF THE ANCIE
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iiiABSTRACTHuman Skeletal Remains o
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vACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was
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viiCHAPTERPageIV SITE DESCRIPTIONS
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ixLIST OF FIGURESFIGUREPage1 Map of
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xiLIST OF TABLESTABLEPage1 Caves of
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2Fig. 1. Map of the Petexbatun regi
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4prove or disprove my hypothesis. T
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8Caves are also known to share an o
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10Artifactual materialThe artifacts
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12activities, which included bloodl
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14represented. A ceramic analysis r
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16based on the identification of th
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18when a structure is placed over o
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20The Copan Ritual Caves Project la
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22sacrificial victims. The identifi
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24CHAPTER IIIMATERIALS AND METHODSS
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26InventoryMy analysis began with a
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28responsible. A precise methodolog
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30After rounding up to the highest
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32and subadults are differentiated
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34demonstrate the practice of inter
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36Implements such stone tools may h
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38of the young woman involved the r
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40Fig. 3. Caves of the Petexbatun.
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42I) consisted of an excavation in
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44Cueva de Río El DuendeCueva de R
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46excavation uncovered evidence of
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48Fig. 6. Complete map of Cueva de
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50these remains were recovered by m
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52Dos Pilas as a dominant polity in
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54Fig. 7. Map of Cueva de Los Quetz
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56CHAPTER VNISP AND MNI - AN ANALYS
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58Cueva de El DuendeOne hundred for
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60feet were the most common skeleta
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62estimates indicate that Cueva de
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64skeletal elementpedal phalangemet
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66TABLE 4. MNI for Cueva de Río El
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68five rooms in Operation CNP2. Roo
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70CNP2-24-1CNP2-26-1CNP2-27-1CNP2-2
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72modification was one of the more
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74result from a small sample size,
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76material examined in this study,
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78TABLE 7. MNI for Cueva de Sangre.
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80MNI considered material from 41 l
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82CS9-06-1CS11-03-2CS11-03-3CS11-03
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84Three hundred and fifty meters of
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8626 individuals (Table 9). I ident
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88calculated an MNI at the level of
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90TABLE 11. MNI for Cueva de Los Qu
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92the operation and the cave seem m
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94between these two types of activi
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96represent the sample with evidenc
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98The second group consists of eigh
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100One of the deeper cut marks was
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102CNP2-07-1/18A complete left femo
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104occur throughout the bone. The f
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106The identification of human-made
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108harsh effects of the active envi
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110did not affect this particular b
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112TABLE 12. NISPs, MNIs, and PNIs
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114processed for secondary burial (
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116in mind that this and the many o
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118an adult male recovered from an
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120Cueva de Los QuetzalesThe skelet
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122some doubt. These assessments ba
Page 135 and 136: 124CHAPTER VIIICONCLUSIONSThe infor
Page 137 and 138: 126LITERATURE CITEDAnderson AH. 196
Page 139 and 140: 128Brady JE, Rodas I. 1995. Maya Ri
Page 141 and 142: 130Johnston FE. 1962. Growth of the
Page 143 and 144: 132Pohl M, Pohl J. 1983. Ancient Ma
Page 145 and 146: 134Pre-Columbian Archaeology. Oxfor
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX IINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE EL
Page 149 and 150: CD2-01-8B pelvis R complete ischium
Page 151 and 152: APPENDIX IIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE R
Page 153 and 154: CNP2-07-1/10 femur L prox.1/2 shaft
Page 155 and 156: CNP2-12-1/13 humerus R dist.1/2 sha
Page 157 and 158: CNP2-20-1/11 femur L nearly complet
Page 159 and 160: CNP2-26-1/1 long bone ? 4+ fragsCNP
Page 161 and 162: CNP2-28-1/35 mandible L no teeth &
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX IIIINVENTORY FOR CUEVA DE
Page 165 and 166: CRM4-03-1/1 tibia R shaft frag, cor
Page 167 and 168: CS1-77-2/3 sacrum A anterior aspect
Page 169 and 170: CS2-11-1/2 radius R complete shaft,
Page 171 and 172: CS5-07-1/11 frags ? 7 fragsCS5-07-1
Page 173 and 174: CS9-02-1 B7 tibia L prox.2/3 shaft,
Page 175 and 176: CS9-04-1/3 tibia R prox.1/2 shaft,
Page 177 and 178: CS9-06-1/14 femur L complete shaft,
Page 179 and 180: CS11-05-1/3 long bone ? 15 fragsCS1
Page 181 and 182: CS11-05-1 grp.B/1 vertebra A centru
Page 183 and 184: CKP2-03-1/10 femur L complete shaft
Page 185: CKP2-04-1/3 femur L dist.1/2 shaft,
Page 189 and 190: CQ1-10-11 upper I2 R root is formin
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