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Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 11 (2011)
on the city gate that led south to al-Jābīya; his head was sent to Marwān. 166
In another account, Marwān II crucified Ibrāhīm b. al-Walīd alongside ʿAbd
al-ʿAzīz, 167 and in another ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz and Yazīd b. Khālid al-Qasrī were
crucified together. 168 In yet another, he was given an amān on condition that
he divest himself of all claim to the caliphate. 169 The body of Yazīd III was
subsequently exhumed and crucified. 170
48. 129/746–7, al-Kirmānī went over to Abū Muslim but was caught by
the Umayyad governor, Naṣr b. Sayyār; he was killed and crucified alongside
a fish in a jibe at his tribal affiliation. 171
49. In his sermon preached in 129 or 130 (746–8), Abū Ḥamza criticizes
Marwān II for and amputating the limbs of his enemies and blinding them. 172
50. In 130/748 Kharijite rebels were defeated and killed at Mecca; Abū
Ḥamza and other leaders were crucified by the Umayyad commander, Ibn
ʿAṭiyya. Heads were despatched to Marwān b. Muḥāmmad. Ibn ʿAṭiyya was
himself killed later that year when he was mistaken for a fleeing Kharijite. 173
166 Khalīfa, ibid., ii, 565–6.
167 al­Balādhurī, Ansāb (Damascus), ii, 115, vii, 165.
168 Ibid., vii, 550.
169 Ibid., vii, 569.
170 Khalīfa, Taʾrīkh, ii, 566. Cf. Ibn Qutayba, Kitāb ʿUyūn al­akhbār, ed. A. Z.
al­ʿAdawī (Cairo, 1925–30), ii, 249; al­Balādhurī, Ansāb (Damascus), vii, 552.
171 al­Balādhurī, Ansāb (Damascus), iii, 144–5; al­Yaʿqūbī, Taʾrīkh, ii, 407–8
(no fish); al­Ṭabarī, Taʾrīkh, ii, 1975. The fish was to cast aspersions on the Azd of
ʿUmān (al­Ṭabarī, History of al­Ṭabarī, Volume xxvii: The ʿAbbāsid Revolution, tr.
and ann. J. A. Williams, (Albany, 1985) 85, n. 230; al­Balādhurī, Ansāb (Damascus),
iii, 145, n.2); Abou El Fadl, Rebellion, 54, n. 92.
172 Crone and Hinds, God’s Caliph, 132; Abou El Fadl, Rebellion, 54, n. 94.
173 al­Iṣfahānī, Kitāb al­Aghānī, Būlāq, xx, 110–4; Wellhausen, Factions, 88.