JOURNAL OF ARABIC AND ISLAMIC STUDIES

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Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 11 (2011)
power. 56 In this case, the anti-gift exchange poem incites the caliph to
violence.
The Khālidī brothers’ gift exchange story about Hārūn and Jaʿfar
complements other stories about their relationship and the crisis. Yaḥyā
b. Khālid al-Barmakī was in charge of the caliph Hārūn al-Rashīd’s
education, and Yaḥyā and Hārūn’s mother were responsible for paving
his way to the caliphate. Each of Yaḥyā’s sons Faḍl and Jaʿfar was in
charge of the education of one of Hārūn al-Rashīd’s heirs. Faḍl was
nursed with Hārūn al-Rashīd and Jaʿfar was Hārūn’s closest companion.
Faḍl was known for his great generosity and Jaʿfar for his eloquence. 57
The whole family did well, but the caliph was particularly interested in
Jaʿfar. 58 The danger of this close relationship with the ruler did not go
unnoticed. Yaḥyā would censure Jaʿfar for being so involved with al-
Rashīd and warn about the consequences, and he explained his view to
al-Rashīd as well. 59 The gift exchange story, with its narrow focus on
the caliph’s anxiety about the relationship, evokes the tense intimacy
between the caliph and his companion.
Stories about the rivalry that smolders between Jaʿfar and Hārūn
complement the gift exchange story, especially one story about the
palace that is described in the verses. His father could persuade Jaʿfar to
give up his reckless pursuit of pleasure, so he told him to build a palace
on the other side of the river out of sight of those who might disapprove
of his pleasure-seeking. When it was done Jaʿfar toured it with some
friends, and they offered clever descriptions of it in prose or verse,
except for one friend who remained silent. Jaʿfar said, “What’s the
matter? Why don’t you join in?” The friend said, “The others have said
enough for me.” Jaʿfar could tell he was hiding something and pressured
him. The friend told him, “To tell you the truth, I’m worried. What
would you think if you went to a friend’s palace and it was nicer than
yours?” Jaʿfar said, “Enough, I see what you mean.” The friend advised
him to tell the caliph that he built the palace for the caliph’s son al-
Maʾmūn, Jaʿfar’s student. As predicted, the caliph was upset when he
56 Hamori, “Going Down in Style”.
57 Barthold, W., Sourdel, D. “al-Barāmika or Āl Barmak”, EI 2 , 1033–6.
58 Al-Rashīd would say to Yaḥyā, you are for al-Faḍl and I am for Jaʿfar (Al-
Jahshiyārī, Wuzarāʾ, p. 145). Al-Rashīd is said to have put Jaʿfar in charge of the
west and al-Faḍl in charge of the east, and al-Faḍl went to look after his regions
while Jaʿfar stayed with Rashīd.
59 Al-Jahshiyārī, Wuzarāʾ, pp. 177–8.