SOIL Report 2008 - ACCESS Development Services

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Chapter IIReferences1. Aiyar , Swaminathan S Anklesaria,(2003) ‘Swaminomics’- The Times of India, August 032. Batiwalla,Lisa in http://infochangeindia.org, visited on June18, 20083. BBC News, New Delhi, Dec 20,20064. Bhagat, Ram.B (2003) “Conceptual Issues in Measurement of Internal Migration in India”, paper presentedin XXVth IUSSP International Conference held in Tours, France, 18-23July5. Bhaduri, Amit (2007) “Development or Developmental Terrorism?” Economic & Political Weekly, Feb 176. Bhatia,RK (2008) “Migrant labourers trigger labour pains in Punjab”, The Times of India, Bhubaneswar,June 207. Bhusan , Chandra & et al (2008) “Rich Lands Poor People: Is Sustainable Mining Possible?”, Centre forScience and Environment , New Delhi8. Biswaranjan Mohanty (2005) “Displacement and Rehabilitation of Tribals”, Economic & Political Weekly,March 269. Cernea, M.M. (1996) “Public Policy Responses to Development Induced Population Displacement” Economic& Political Weekly June 1510. Cernea, Michael,(2000) “Risks, Safeguards and Reconstruction”, in Michael Cernea and ChristopherMcDowell,eds Risks and Reconstruction: Experiences of Resettlers and Refugees, World Bank, WashingtonDC.11. Frenkel,Gal (2005) “India After the Tsunami- The Rights of Affected People”, TRCC-Tamil Nadu &Pondichery12. Government of India (2005) : NSS 59th round – Some Aspects of Farming13. Government of India (2005): NSS 61st Round (2004 – 2005), Employment-Unemployment Survey14. Government of India,(2007) Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the UnorganizedSector, NCEUS15. Haen, Hartwig de,(2001) “ The impact of Globalisation and Trade Liberalisation on Food Security”, EuropeanMedia Seminar on Global Food Security , Stockholm16. Hensman, Rohini (2001) “The Impact of Globalisation on Employment in India and Responses from theFormal and Informal Sectors” , CLARA Working Paper No. 15, International Institute for Asian Studies,Amsterdam17. India Infrastructure Report 200718. Kydd, Jonathan,(2002) “Agriculture and Rural Livelihoods : Is Globalisation Opening or Blocking Paths ofRural Poverty?” Network paper, ODI, 20025819. Narayan,Swati (2004, “ Unemployment and Migration”, www.indiatogether.org, March , visited on June14,200820. National Disaster Management Division (2004 - August), Disaster Management in India -A Status Report,New Delhi: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India21. PRAXIS (Institute for Participatory Practices) (2002). MP Participatory Poverty Assessment. Report preparedfor ADB.58
Chapter IIIPolicy: Pathways to SustainableLivelihoodsSmita Premchander, M. Chidambaranathan and V. Prameela 1AbstractIt is now well accepted in development discourse that the ‘trickle down’ theory does not work, and as growthtakes place, economies also experience increasing inequality. This has social repercussions, in rising unrest,which in turn makes the economies unstable, less attractive to investors, resulting in flight of capital from theseareas, and thus further economic degradation. Thus a vicious cycle of low development continues in specificregions, while other parts of the economy develop, causing the phenomenon of the dual economy, already establishedin India, to get further embedded. This chapter reviews the current official livelihoods policies in India tounderstand how they contribute to the promotion of better livelihoods. In order to answer this question, we examinethree aspects of sustainable livelihoods: economic (income or growth), social protection for all, and socialinclusion of the excluded groups, with a relatively greater emphasis on economic aspects. The chapter considerssome key policy documents, budget allocations and priorities set by the 10th and 11th Five-Year Plans. Theanalysis aims to assess whether they answer the critical issues arising in terms of growth, social protection andsocial inclusion. As policy has focused on key women-friendly measures in the 11th Plan, e.g. gender budgeting,a separate treatment of gender policy is justified in this chapter.1. Social Services have moved up to first place in the allocation hierarchyin the annual budgets of 2007-’08 and 2008-’09It is assumed that a policy framework that promotes sustainable livelihoods will care for those in vulnerablesituations, and promote structures and processes that enable the poorest to follow strategies with positivelivelihood outcomes. The 11th Plan adopts an ‘inclusive growth’ agenda as the key policy objective forthe next five years. A rights-based approach to livelihoods is pursued, evident in The National RuralEmpoyment Govenment Act (NREGA) which has wide implications not only for social protection,but also in moving towards greater transparency and accountability. (Reviewed in detail in Chapter 4.)Development perspectives explained in Plan documents are however only one aspect of policies thataffect livelihoods; the other equally important ones are trade and financial policies. This policy reviewexamines whether the priorities and allocations set by the 10th and 11th Plan approach papers and thetwo annual budgets are likely to lead to a positive livelihoods spiral.The framework used for this analysis was developed through a wide range of field projects supportedby the British Department for International Development (DFID) worldwide (see annex Fig A.3.1).It defines secure livelihoods as the existence of sufficient stocks and flow of food and cash to meetbasic needs (Chambers and Conway, 1992). The key assumption here is that people pursue a range oflivelihood outcomes (e.g. health, income, reduced vulnerability) by drawing on a range of assets to pursuea variety of activities. Their livelihood strategies are determined by the assets they own and have accessA rights-basedapproach tolivelihoodsis pursued,evident inNREGA,whichhas wideimplicationsnot onlyfor socialprotection, butalso in movingtowardsgreatertransparencyand accountability.1The authors would like to acknowledge contributions from Ms. Reiko Tsushima, Senior Gender Specialist, ILO, Delhi and Mr. Suryamani Roul,Livelihoods Advisor, ACCESS development services, Delhi for their valuable contributions to this paper.59
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State of India’s Livelihoods :The
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ChapterPage NoForeword 6Preface 8Ab
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ForewordAs a part of its microfinan
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Civil Society InitiativesChapter VI
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Civil Society InitiativesThe human
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Civil Society Initiativesan 8 per c
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Civil Society InitiativesThe cooper
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Civil Society Initiativeslimited ir
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Civil Society Initiativesintelligen
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Civil Society InitiativesOutboard M
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Civil Society InitiativesCase Study
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Civil Society InitiativesReferences
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The Contribution of Corporate Suppl
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Chapter VIII170
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Chapter VIIIcountry that make the e
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Chapter VIIIFig 8.4: All-India area
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Chapter VIIIWhen commercial crops l
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Chapter VIIIunit of risk settlement
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Chapter VIIIPublic capitalformation
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Chapter VIII8. Integrated Rural Dev
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Chapter VIIIAn expertpanel ‘sreco
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Chapter VIIIHowever as final wage s
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appENDIX TableTable A.1.3: Distribu
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appENDIX TableEmploymentEmploymentG
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appENDIX TableTable 2: Employment S
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appENDIX TableTable 4: State Wise G
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appENDIX TableTable-7: Distribution
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appENDIX TableDams and Displacement
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appENDIX TableFig. A.3.2: High Pote
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appENDIX TableTable A.3.2Table 2: S
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appENDIX TableAnnex A.5.1Backward R
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appENDIX TableAnnex A.5.3Some UNDP
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appENDIX TableGross Value of Output
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Mona DikshitMona Dikshit has been a
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