Preamble Narratives and Social Memory - Universidade do Minho

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Criminal violence in Brazilian moving images in 2010Juliana Cunha CostaBrazilian TV annual reviews produce an emotionally visual narrative, composed of sequencesof pictures, graphics, colors, slow motions and sudden transitions between the scenes. Thesevisuals have been carefully chosen to portray a “reality” of the criminal violence in slums ofRio de Janeiro throughout the journalistic reportage; nevertheless this narrative cannot betaken as “pure reality”, since a “reality” is also represented by different dimensions layers andthe journalist can only report a part of it.In 2010, these two TV channels had selected the topic of criminal violence as a dominantevent. Criminal suspects, in TV annual reviews narratives, are victims and agents of thecrime, they are mostly young and non-white men, with low levels of education, unemployedand living in an environment of poverty, drug addictions, teenage pregnancies, disruptedfamilies, and inadequate public services. Consequently, “[…] the youth and teen populationsare the most vulnerable - both in terms of death rates and in terms of being drawn into thetraffic themselves” (Perlman, 2010, p. x).Both TV annual reviews presented similar types of narratives, highlighting the actionof the law enforcement agencies in shantytown against criminals in order to protect thepopulation and bring back public police control. “Brazilian president Lula da Silva promisedfull support from the federal government to Rio de Janeiro authorities involved in a cleanupoperation to free the city’s shantytowns, favelas, from drug traffickers and organizedcrime” (Mercopress, 2010). However it is evident that this action is part of the government toprepare the city for the 2014 World Cup and the opening ceremonies of the 2016 OlympicGames. Categorically, television as a major mass media in Brazil (re)construct the criminalviolence and distribute it to a large audience as “info entertainment”, without a criticalanalysis. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the debate of how those media visually characterizedone of the main social problems that affect this country.AcknowledgmentsPhD student and Student Assistant at Jacobs University Bremen (School of Humanitiesand Social Sciences) under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Peter Ludes (Professor of MassCommunication at School of Humanities & Social Sciences, p.ludes@jacobs-university.de)ReferencesAgnew, R. (2004). A general strain theory approach to violence. In M. Zahn, H. Brownstein & S. Jackson(Eds.), Violence: From Theory to Research (37-50). Cincinnati: Lexis Nexis and AndersenPublishing.Arendt, H. (1970). On violence. San Diego, CA: Harcourt.Barak. G. (2007). Battleground: Criminal justice. Connecticut: Greenwood Press.Barros, G. G. et al. (2007). The Brazilian Digital Television System Access Device Architecture. Journal ofthe Brazilian Computer Society, 13, (95-113).Narratives and social memory: theoretical and methodological approaches216
Criminal violence in Brazilian moving images in 2010Juliana Cunha CostaBarthes, R. (1996). Introduction to the structural analysis of narratives. In S. Onega & J. Á. García Landa(Eds). Narratology (45-60). London: Longman.Berning, N. (2011). Narrative means to journalistic ends: A narratological analysis of selected journalisticreports. Heidelberg: VS Verlag.Boccia, L. & Ludes, P (2009). Key measures and key visuals in Brazilian and German TV annual reviews.In: Ross M.; Garncarz, J.; Grauer, M.; Friesleben B. (Eds.) Digital Tools in Media Studies (159-169). Bielefeld: Transcript Verlag.Bourdieu, P. (2012). On Television and journalism. In King, E. & Chapman, J. (Eds.) Key readings injournalism. New York: Routledge.Chong, A. et al. (2008). Soap operas and fertility: Evidence from Brazil. Retrieved from: http://ipl.econ.duke.edu/bread/papers/working/172.pdfCodoner, B. (2010). Popularization of TV Globo in Brazil. (Master dissertation). The Ohio State University,College of Arts and Sciences, Research Grant, Department of International Studies. Retrievedfrom: http://hdl.handle.net/1811/45483Com.Score. (2010). 6 in 7 Brazilian Internet Users Watched Online Video in July. Retrieved from: http://www.comscore.com/Press_Events/Press_Releases/2010/8/6_in_7_Brazilian_Internet_Users_Watched_Online_Video_in_JulyCom.Score. (2011). The Brazilian Online Audience. Retrieved from http://www.scribd.com/doc/49188241/The-Brazilian-Online-Audience-Feb-2011Comitê Gestor da Internet no Brasil (2011). Survey on the use of information and communication technologiesin Brazil. Câmara Brasileira do Livro. São Paulo, SP. Retrieved from: http:// www.cgi.brDemombynes, G. (2011). Drug trafficking and violence in Central America and beyond. Background CaseStudy. World Development Report on Conflict and Development - 2011. Retrieved from:http://wdr2011.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/WDR_2011_Case_Study_Trafficking_Violence.pdfElias, N., & E. Dunning. (2008). Quest for excitement: Sport and leisure in the civilising process (2nd ed.).Dublin: University College Dublin Press.Ellis, J. (1992). Visible fictions: Cinema, television, video (2nd ed.). London: Routledge.Farncombe. (2010). Case Study: The Brazilian Digital TV Market. Retrieved from: http://www.supportpublicbroadcasting.co.za/images/uploads/Farncombe_Brazil_Case_Study_Report.pdfFonseca, C. (2004). Honor and violence in a Brazilian slum: Gendered checks and balances in thepolitics of everyday life. In M. Anderson (Ed.), Cultural Shaping of Violence (95-109) Indiana:Purdue University Press West Lafayette.França, R.O. (2007). Eclipses do inesquecível: o acontecimento na mnemotécnica da Retrospectiva de Fimde Ano. (Master dissertation) Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte - Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Comunicação Social. Retrieved from: http://www.bibliotecadigital.ufmg.br/dspace/bitstream/1843/MMSR-75XPSA/1/eclipses_do_inesquecivel.pdfGuggisberg, M., & Weir, D. (2009). Understanding violence: Contexts and portrayals. interdisciplinarypress. Oxford: Interdisciplinary Press.Narratives and social memory: theoretical and methodological approaches217
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Cinematic Landscape and Social Memo
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comprises both remembering and forg
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include important questions related
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Part ICognitive and Emotional Proce
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Narratives and Social Memory from t
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The Lay Historian: How Ordinary Peo
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Cabecinhas, R. & Abadia, L. (eds.)
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Emotional Processes in Elaborating
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Transitional Justice Processes, Sha
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The Past and the Present (re)Visite
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Part IIMedia(ted) Narrativesand Pub
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Hard News Cognitive Shift: from Fac
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Narratives of Death: Journalism and
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Researching Identity Narratives in
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Journalistic Narrative: a Story of
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The Works of Sísifo: Memories and
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Audiovisual Post-colonial Narrative
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Narratives as Prison ‘Escapes’:
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Drawings and Narrative: the Inmates
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