Preamble Narratives and Social Memory - Universidade do Minho

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Narratives and Social Memory from the Perspective of Social Representations of HistoryJames H. LiuMcAdams, D.P. (2006) The redemptive self: Stories Americans live by. New York: Oxford University Press.McAdams, D.P. (2007) The role of narrative in personality psychology today. In M.Bamberg (Ed.) Narratives-State of the Art, pp 17-26. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.Moscovici, S. (1961) Psychoanalyse: Son Image et son public. Paris: Paris University Press.Moscovici, S. (1988) Notes towards a description of social representations. European Journal of SocialPsychology, 18, 211-250.Nehru, J. (1946) The Discovery of India. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Paez, D., & Liu, J.H. (2011) Collective memory of conflicts. In D. Bar-Tal (Ed.) Intergroup Conflicts and theirResolution: Social Psychological Perspectives, pp. 105-124. New York: Psychology Press.Pennebaker, J. W., Paez, D., & Rimé, B. (1997) Collective Memory of Political Events. Mahwah, NJ: LawrenceErlbaum.Olick, J., & Robbins, J. (1998) Social memory studies: From “collective memory” to the historical sociologyof mnemonic practices. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 105-140.Reicher, S. D., Haslam, S. A., & Hopkins, N. (2005) Social identity and the dynamics of leadership:Leaders and followers as collaborative agents in the transformation of social reality.Leadership Quarterly, 16, 547–568.Reicher, S., & Hopkins, N. (2001) Self and nation. London: Sage.Schwartz, B. (1997) Collective memory and history: How Abraham Lincoln became a symbol of racialequality. The Sociological Quarterly, 38, 469-496.Schiff, B. (2007) The promise (and challenge) of an innovative narrative psychology. In M. Bamberg(Ed.) Narratives. State of the Art, pp 27-36. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.Sen, R., & Wagner, W. (2005) History, emotions and hetero-referential representations in inter-groupconflict: The example of Hindu-Muslim relations in India. Papers on Social Representations,14, 2.1-2.23.Sibley, C.G., & Liu, J.H. (in press) Relocating attitudes as components of representational profiles:Mapping the epidemiology of bicultural policy attitudes using Latent Class Analysis.European Journal of Social Psychology.Wagner, W. & Hayes, N. (2005) Everyday discourse and common sense: The theory of social representations.New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Wertsch, J.V. (2002) Voices of collective remembering. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.White, H. (1981) The value of narrativity in the representation of reality. In: W. J. T. Mitchell (ed.) Onnarrative. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1–23.Narratives and social memory: theoretical and methodological approaches24
Cabecinhas, R. & Abadia, L. (eds.) (2013)Narratives and social memory: theoretical and methodological approachesBraga: University of MinhoISBN: 978-989-8600-04-2pp. 25 -45The Lay Historian: How OrdinaryPeople Think about HistoryOlivier KleinUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Belgiumoklein@ulb.ac.beAbstractSocial psychology has mainly studied collective memory as a collectively shared contenti.e., as a social representation. By contrast, cognitive psychology appraises memory withlittle interest in its content and at a generally individual level. In this chapter, I suggesta middle ground between these two approaches by presenting a new metaphor of howordinary folks think about history: the “lay historian”. I consider how historians’ approachesto the past may find parallels in ordinary people’s construction of historical representations.In order to do so, I borrow from Paul Ricoeur’s (2000) distinction between three stepsinvolved in historical research: documentary, explanatory and representational. I show thatthese steps can find parallels in cognitive analyses of memory: The first process can beapproached in terms of source memory; the second in terms of causal attribution and thethird in terms of social psychological models of communication. A special focus is placedon the interaction between these processes as they occur both in historical research andin the elaboration of historical memory. These parallels also highlight novel paths tofuture research. In turn, this metaphor may be used as a heuristic tool for comparinghistorians’ and ordinary people’s appraisals of the past.KeywordsHistory; Collective Memory; Social Cognition; Hindsight Bias; Explanation; Narration«We capture from the past only what, in it, has been necessary and sufficient toproduce what, today, is reality» (Raymond Aron, 1969) 1When we reflect on history – and when I say “we”, I refer to those of us who do not holda degree in history – we do not just passively retrieve representations of the past that arestored in memory. Rather, we craft new ones, building on the store of knowledge accumulatedduring our existence. Thus, the historian does not hold a monopoly on thinking aboutthe past. Her knowledge is actually germane to psychology if, like Marc Bloch (1947/1993),we view history as the «science of men of the past».This is particularly blatant for a parent. Once, my then 6-year old daughter askedme “why did Hitler become mean?” Responding to this question demanded to recollectdisparate bits of knowledge about the Führer’s existence. I could select different types1 Cited by Leduc (2010, p. 712), my translation.
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The Past and the Present (re)Visite
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Part IIMedia(ted) Narrativesand Pub
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Narratives of Death: Journalism and
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Researching Identity Narratives in
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Journalistic Narrative: a Story of
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The Works of Sísifo: Memories and
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Audiovisual Post-colonial Narrative
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Cinematic Landscape and Social Memo
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Part IVEthnic, National and Suprana
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Narratives as Prison ‘Escapes’:
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Drawings and Narrative: the Inmates
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