BROCADE IP PRIMER

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Brocade Ethernet Switches & RoutersYou could set all of the devices and switch ports to autonegotiation all thetime. If you do this, you won't have to worry about changing so many settings,certainly. Almost all network equipment (NICs, switches, etc.) are set to autonegotiateby default. The downside is that, unless your equipment is all madeby one manufacturer, you may run into autonegotiation failures that will createduplex mismatches. You may also run into problems with someone bringing inoutside equipment (say, a consultant bringing in a laptop) that is forced to fullduplex(autonegotiation is off).You could set all of the devices and switch ports to be forced to full-duplex allthe time. You won't have to worry about autonegotiation failures this way. It willrequire a lot more setup time, though. All existing switch ports and NICs willhave to be configured to full-duplex. Any new machine or switch will have to beconfigured to full-duplex before it's put into use. And you'd still have the riskmentioned in the previous paragraph. What if a consultant brings in a laptopthat's configured for autonegotiation?Each solution has its advantages and disadvantages. Every experienced engineerwill have his or her preferred method of dealing with the problem.Experience will teach you what is best for you.Well, now we know the technologies. Let's take a look at what Brocade has tooffer us.Brocade Ethernet Switches & RoutersBrocade offers a complete line of enterprise and service provider Ethernetswitches, Ethernet routers, application management, and network-wide securityproducts. With industry-leading features, performance, reliability, andscalability capabilities, these products enable network convergence andsecure network infrastructures to support advanced data, voice, and videoapplications. The complete Brocade product portfolio enables end-to-end networkingfrom the edge to the core of today's networking infrastructures. Tolearn more about Brocade products, visit http://www.brocade.com.Summary• The OSI Reference Model describes how machines can talk to oneanother• The OSI Reference Model consists of seven layers:— Application gets data from the user— Presentation formats the data to a certain standard— Session keeps track of which conversation the data belongs to— Transport makes sure the data gets to its destination— Network decides what path the data will take to get to its destinationon a logical levelBrocade IP Primer 33
Chapter 1: Networking Basics— Data Link prepares data for physical transmission, and decides howthe data will get to its destination on a physical or local level— Physical the method that actually transports the data• Ethernet is a very popular Data Link layer protocol• Ethernet is usually cabled using either coaxial, UTP, or fiber• Ethernet is usually in a star topology, centrally connected to a hub orswitch• MAC address is the physical address of the Ethernet device• Half-duplex communication can only listen or speak at one time• Full-duplex communication can listen and speak simultaneouslyChapter Review Questions1. What layer of the OSI Reference Model interacts with the user?a. Physicalb. Presentationc. Applicationd. Data Link2. What address is considered the physical address of a device in Ethernet?a. MAC addressb. LLC addressc. IP addressd. IPX address3. What layer of the OSI Reference Model makes sure the data reaches itsdestination?a. Networkb. Physicalc. Sessiond. Transport4. What does autonegotiation decide?a. The speed and duplex of the communicationb. The MAC address of the NICc. The physical mediad. The IP address of the host34 Brocade IP Primer
Page 1 and 2: BROCADEIPPRIMERFIRST EDITIONEveryth
Page 4 and 5: Important NoticeUse of this book co
Page 7: ContentsChapter 2: TCP/IP .........
Page 10 and 11: ContentsPart Three: Layer 3 Switchi
Page 12 and 13: ContentsRedundancy: Virtual Router
Page 14 and 15: ContentsCheck 5: Available Session
Page 16 and 17: Part One: Introduction toNetworking
Page 18 and 19: Networking Basics1The world of comp
Page 20 and 21: The OSI Reference ModelEach of thes
Page 22 and 23: The OSI Reference ModelApplicationA
Page 24 and 25: The Application Layer (Layer 7)This
Page 26 and 27: The Session Layer (Layer 5)You inte
Page 28 and 29: The Transport Layer (Layer 4)So, wh
Page 30 and 31: The Transport Layer (Layer 4)point,
Page 32 and 33: The Data Link Layer (Layer 2)By far
Page 34 and 35: The Physical Layer (Layer 1)One oth
Page 36 and 37: Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)What if a
Page 38 and 39: Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)Twisted P
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Page 42 and 43: Layer 1 Ethernet (Cabling)SC connec
Page 44 and 45: Layer 2 Ethernet (Addressing)Ethern
Page 46 and 47: Half-duplex vs. Full-duplexine, thi
Page 50 and 51: Chapter Review Questions5. What lay
Page 52 and 53: TCP/IP2The most popular protocol st
Page 56 and 57: Network Classes128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Page 58 and 59: Network ClassesWhat we haven't talk
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Page 62 and 63: The SubnetTable 2. Understanding Su
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Page 68 and 69: Layer 4 TCP/IP: TCP/UDPRFC 1918 spe
Page 70 and 71: Layer 4 TCP/IP: TCP/UDPtions will a
Page 72 and 73: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
Page 74 and 75: User Datagram Protocol (UDP)When it
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Page 82 and 83: Packet CapturingTcpdump is a comman
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Page 86 and 87: Chapter Review Questions3. What is
Page 88 and 89: Answers to Review Questionscan't us
Page 90 and 91: Data Center Bridging (DCB)3Introduc
Page 92 and 93: Introduction802.1Qbb: Priority-base
Page 94 and 95: The Ethernet PAUSE Functionresponsi
Page 96 and 97: Enhanced Tranmission SelectionFrom
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Data Center Bridge eXchangeData Cen
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Building the DCB CloudBuilding the
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Summary• Enhanced Transmission Se
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TRILL—Adding Multi-Pathingto Laye
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Why do we need it?To address this p
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The TRILL ProtocolJust as important
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Moving TRILL DataMAC-RB4MAC-RB1RB3R
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Load Balancing Basics5With the rise
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Co ns ol ePwrCC U1 PU 2 PU 3TxActRx
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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Co ns ol ePwrActi veC PU 2 PU 3C PU
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Chapter Review Questions• Direct
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Chapter Review Questions7. Your loa
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Answers to Review Questions9. d. Yo
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Part Two: SwitchingThe following ch
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J-FxGMR4Ac ti veLi nkLinkLinkLi nkP
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Accessing the CLIThis is not the on
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Online HelpFor your convenience, yo
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The configProbably the most recogni
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Software (and where it's stored)All
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Software (and where it's stored)Let
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show commandsThe copy command can b
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clear commandsThere's one more show
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Configuring the InterfaceHere's an
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PingSource . Particularly if you ar
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Filters and Regular ExpressionsThis
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User Access ControlUser Access Cont
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User Access ControlIf you were to c
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User Access ControlBy default, a ne
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User Access ControlYou can also con
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User Access ControlSNMP also allows
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The Web UIYou can see that you have
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SummaryBut what if you want to disa
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Chapter Review Questions2. Which RM
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Answers to Review Questions5. c. Th
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49FLinkPower50FConsole1 3 5 7 9 111
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Switch TrunksYou define static trun
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show CommandsOperational trunks:Tru
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Chapter Review Questions3. Which ty
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Virtual Local Area Network(VLAN)8No
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Configuring VLANsNow, we need to se
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Configuring VLANsVLAN, and add it b
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PowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link 50FC
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PowerPower49F Link 50FConsole1 3 5
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PowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link 50FC
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PowerPowerPower49F Link 50F49F Link
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VLAN GroupsYou also have to assign
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Chapter Review QuestionsChapter Rev
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Answers to Review Questions4. a. An
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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49FLinkPower49FLinkPower50F50FConso
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IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol
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IEEE 802.1d (Spanning Tree Protocol
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49FLinkPower49FLinkPower50F50FConso
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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IEEE 802.1s (MST)Port IEEE 802.1W P
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IEEE 802.1s (MST)another instance o
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 1113 1
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SummaryWe need to define this on bo
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Chapter Review Questions4. BPDUs:a.
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Part Three: Layer 3Switching (Routi
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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The Routing TableLet's take a momen
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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49F Link 50FPower11F 2F 3F 4F32Cons
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Console49F Link 50F1Power1F 2F 3F 4
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The “Null” RouteTo see RIP's ro
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Chapter Review Questions2. What is
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Open Shortest Path First(OSPF)11We
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Getting to Know Your NeighborsHello
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BI4XGBI24CT X RX T X RX T X RX T X
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Autonomous Systems (AS)This still d
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Link State Advertisement (LSA)A NSS
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Configuring OSPFIf you use a loopba
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Configuring OSPFHere's an example t
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Summary• show ip ospf virtual-lin
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Chapter Review Questions3. By defau
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Multi Protocol LabelSwitching (MPLS
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What is MPLS?Step 4. The labeled pa
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MPLS Virtual Leased Lines (VLL)Step
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MPLS Layer 3 VPNsTo validate the co
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MPLS Layer 3 VPNsConfiguring MPLS L
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Border Gateway Protocol(BGP)13For m
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The Autonomous System (AS)As of 201
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BI4XGBI4XGBI24CBI24CBI24C16T X RX T
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Configuring BGPTo summarize, the pe
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Configuring BGPBut how do we use ou
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NetScreen - 204BI4XGBI24CT X RX T X
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SummarySummary• BGP is the standa
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Answers to Review Questions7. What
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Security, Redundancyand More14We've
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Security: Access Control Lists (ACL
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Console49F Link 50F1 3 5 7 9 11 13
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RXTXCle a rChannel T3Test A IS Y e
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Access Control Lists: Not Just For
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Redundancy: Virtual Router Redundan
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SummaryThe other processing mechani
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Answers to Review QuestionsAnswers
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Part Four: Layer 4-7Switching (Load
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Server Load Balancing (SLB)15Welcom
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The Brocade ServerIronThe Managemen
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The Brocade ServerIronAttackerEcho
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ServerIronThe Brocade ServerIrondoe
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Predictors• Round-robin. This is
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Configuring SLBGoing back to our in
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Configuring SLBWhen a real server p
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SLB show CommandsSLB show CommandsT
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SLB show Commands• Active (ACT).
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Configuring Direct Server Return (D
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ServerIronServerIronBI4XGBI4XGBI24C
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Symmetric Server Load BalancingIf y
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Remote ServersIn this scenario, Ser
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Summary— Server response time onl
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Chapter Review Questions5. Which co
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424C424C424C424C424C424CConsolePwrA
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Session PersistenceNow, let's say t
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Session PersistenceWhen a sticky se
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Session PersistenceNow, you must en
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URL SwitchingURL SwitchingURL switc
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424C424C424C424C424C424CConsolePwrA
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Configuring Transparent Cache Switc
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SummarySummary• Policy-based SLB
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Chapter Review Questions6. Which pe
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NetScreen - 204BI4XGBI4XGBI24CBI24C
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NetScreen - 204POWERSTATUS-1ALARMHA
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NetScreen - 204POWERSTATUS-1ALARMHA
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FWLB show CommandsAs we mentioned a
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Stateful FWLBresponse, it will try
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Answers to Review Questions8. a. Tr
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Global Server Load Balancing(GSLB)1
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Domain Name Service (DNS)take the n
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Enter: Global Server Load Balancing
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How Does GSLB Decide?Now, I mention
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How Does GSLB Decide?Check 6: Flash
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Configuring GSLBIt's the address of
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GSLB show CommandsNext, there may b
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Chapter Review Questions1. What doe
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Answers to Review Questions5. b. Th
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Glossary10Base-T An Ethernet specif
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GlossaryAuthentication This is the
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GlossaryDCB Data Center Bridging. T
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GlossaryFrame This is the data unit
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GlossaryLACPDU Link Aggregation Con
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GlossaryNIC Network Interface Contr
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GlossaryRoot switch In Spanning Tre
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GlossaryTAC Technical Assistance Ce
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GlossaryVirtual link In OSPF, all a
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BROCADE IP PRIMERFIRST EDITIONThe w
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